Kwiiteknoloji zanamhlanje zokugquma nge-vacuum, ulawulo lwe-bias voltage luphawu olubalulekileyo oluchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo isakhiwo se-thin film microstructure, uxinano, uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi, kunye namandla okunamathela. Nokuba zikwi-hard coatings, iifilimu zokuhombisa, okanye ii-optical coatings, ulawulo olufanelekileyo lwe-substrate bias voltage alu...
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