Isembozo se-vacuum sisetshenziswa kabanzi ezingxenyeni zezimoto, amathuluzi okusika, isikhunta, izinto zikagesi, ihadiwe yokuhlobisa, kanye neminye imboni ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwendawo kanye nezakhiwo zokusebenza. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokumboza, ifilimu encane ifakwa ebusweni be-substrate ngaphansi kwezimo ze-vacuum, yakha isembozo esisebenzayo esinezakhiwo ezithile njengokuqina okuphezulu, ukumelana nokuguguleka, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukungqubuzana okuphansi, noma ukubukeka kokuhlobisa.
Umbuzo ovamile ukuthi ingabe i-vacuum covering ngokwayo izothinta ubulukhuni bezinto ezingaphansi komhlaba. Impendulo ayiyona ngempela. Eziningi zezicelo, inhloso eyinhloko ye-vacuum covering ukuguqula izakhiwo ezingaphezulu zento yokusebenza kunokushintsha izakhiwo eziningi zemishini ze-substrate. Kodwa-ke, umphumela wangempela uncike kubuchwepheshe be-coating, izinga lokushisa lenqubo, izinto ezingaphansi komhlaba, ukwakheka kwe-coating, kanye nemingcele yenqubo.
1. Ukugqoka nge-vacuum cleaner kushintsha kakhulu izakhiwo zomphezulu
Ubuchwepheshe bokumboza nge-vacuum njenge-PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition), i-PECVD (Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition), kanye nezinye izinqubo zokufaka i-vacuum zakha ifilimu elincane elisebenzayo ebusweni be-substrate.
Ngokungafani nokwelashwa kokushisa okukhulu, okungashintsha kakhulu isakhiwo sensimbi kanye nezakhiwo zemishini zento kulo lonke ubukhulu bayo, ukugqoka nge-vacuum ngokuvamile kuthinta kuphela ungqimba olungaphezulu. Ubukhulu bokugqoka buvame ukuba sebangeni le-micrometer noma le-sub-micrometer, kuye ngokuthi inqubo yokufaka kanye nokufaka insimbi iyasebenza yini.
Isibonelo, izembozo ze-PVD eziqinile njenge-TiN, TiCN, CrN, TiAlN, kanye ne-AlTiN zinganikeza ubulukhuni bendawo obuphezulu kakhulu kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka kune-substrate engaphansi. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusho ukuthi ubulukhuni be-substrate yonke bushintshiwe ngezinga elifanayo.
Ngakho-ke, lapho kuhlolwa umphumela wokugqoka nge-vacuum ebulukhunini, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokuqina kwe-substrate nokuqina kokugqoka.
2. Ingabe i-PVD Coating ingandisa ubulukhuni bomphezulu?
Eziningi izinhlelo zokusebenza, i-PVD coating isetshenziswa ngqo ukuthuthukisa ubulukhuni bomphezulu.
Izembozo eziqinile ezifakwa yizinqubo ezifana nokuhwamuka kwe-cathodic arc kanye nokuchitheka kwe-magnetron kungakha izinhlelo zokumboza eziqinile nezinamathelayo ezinobunzima obukhulu kanye nokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokuguguleka.
Kumathuluzi okusika, isibonelo, i-PVD coating eqinile inganciphisa ukuguguleka okukhuhlayo, ukuguguleka kwe-glue, kanye nokungqubuzana esibonakalayo sethuluzi-umsebenzi. I-coating isebenza njengengqimba yobuso evikelayo kuyilapho i-substrate inikeza ukuqina okudingekayo kanye nokusekelwa kwemishini.
Ngakho-ke ukusebenza kokugcina akunqunywa nje kuphela ubulukhuni bengubo ngokwayo, kodwa futhi nokuhlanganiswa kwalokhu okulandelayo:
Ubulukhuni bokumboza + ukunamathela kokugqoka + ukujiya kokugqoka + ubulukhuni be-substrate + isikhombimsebenzisi sokumboza/i-substrate + ukwakheka kokugqoka.
Ukwemboza okuqinile kakhulu akuqinisekisi ngokuzenzakalelayo ukusebenza okuphezulu uma isisekelo sithambile kakhulu noma uma ukunamathela kwesembozo kunganele.
3. Ingabe Izinga Lokushisa Lokumboza Lizothinta Ubulukhuni Be-Substrate?
Lesi ngesinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu lapho kuhlolwa ukuthi ingabe ukugqoka nge-vacuum kungathinta ubulukhuni be-substrate.
Izinqubo ezahlukene ze-PVD kanye ne-PECVD zisebenza ngaphakathi kwamazinga okushisa ahlukene. Ngesikhathi sokufakwa, i-substrate ivezwa amandla okushisa akhiqizwa yi-plasma, i-ion bombardment, imithombo yokuhwamuka, noma ezinye izimo zenqubo.
Ezintweni ezizwela kakhulu ekuchayekeni kokushisa, izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu kwe-substrate noma ukuvezwa isikhathi eside ekushiseni kungase kuthinte isakhiwo sokuqala se-microstructure kanye nezakhiwo zemishini.
Isibonelo, ezinye izinsimbi zamathuluzi eziqinile zithola izakhiwo zazo zemishini ngezinqubo ezithile zokucima nokulungisa. Uma izinga lokushisa lokumboza lidlula kakhulu izinga lokushisa elifanele lokulungisa, kungenzeka kube nemiphumela yokulungisa, okungase kunciphise ubulukhuni be-substrate.
Ngakho-ke, ngezinsimbi eziqinile nezinye izinto ezithinta ukushisa, inqubo yokumboza kufanele iklanywe ngokwesimo sokwelashwa kokushisa kwezinto kanye nokushisa kwenqubo okuvunyelwe.
4. Ukuqhuma kwe-Ion kanye nokuguqulwa kobuso
Ezinqubweni eziningi ze-PVD, i-substrate ifakwa ama-ion bombardment ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokufakwa.
Ukuhlanzwa kwe-ion noma i-plasma kungasusa ukungcola kwendawo futhi kusebenze indawo engaphansi komhlaba, kuthuthukise ukunamathela kwe-coating. Ngesikhathi sokufakwa, ukuqhuma kwe-ion okulawulwayo kungathinta nokuqina kwefilimu, ukucindezeleka okusele, isakhiwo esincane, kanye nokunamathela kwe-coating.
Kodwa-ke, amandla e-ion amaningi noma imingcele yenqubo engafanele ingabangela imiphumela engathandeki njengokushisa ngokweqile kwe-substrate, umonakalo womphezulu, noma ukucindezeleka okusele okwandisiwe.
Ngakho-ke, amapharamitha anjenge-bias voltage, i-arc current, amandla okukhipha, ingcindezi yokusebenza, izinga lokushisa le-substrate, kanye nesilinganiso sokufakwa kudingeka kulawulwe kahle ngokwezinto ze-substrate kanye nohlelo lokumboza.
5. Ukuqina Kokumboza Kuhlukile Kokuqina Kwe-Substrate
Ukungaqondi okuvamile ukuthi umsebenzi uba “lukhuni” ngoba nje ungqimba oluqinile lubekwe phezu kwawo.
Eqinisweni, ukugqoka nge-vacuum ngokuvamile kudala ungqimba oluqinile, kuyilapho ubulukhuni obukhulu be-substrate buhlala bunqunywa kakhulu yisimo sayo sokuqala kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa.
Isibonelo, ithuluzi lokusika i-carbide lingase libe ne-substrate eqinile kanye ne-PVD eqine nakakhulu. I-coating ithuthukisa ukumelana nokuguguleka kwendawo kanye nokusebenza kwe-tribological, kuyilapho i-substrate ye-carbide inikeza amandla nokuqina kwesakhiwo.
Ngokufanayo, ngezingxenye zensimbi eqinile, isembozo se-PVD singanikeza indawo eqinile futhi engagugi ngaphandle kokushintsha ngokuyisisekelo ubulukhuni bensimbi engaphansi, uma nje izinga lokushisa lokufakwa lihlala ngaphakathi kwefasitela lenqubo efanele.
6. Indlela Yokuvimbela I-Vacuum Coating Engathinti Ukuqina Kwe-Substrate
Ukuze kugcinwe izakhiwo zokuqala ze-substrate, inqubo yokumboza kufanele ilungiselelwe ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo.
Okokuqala, izinto ezisetshenziswa ngaphansi komhlaba kanye nesimo sokwelashwa kokushisa kufanele kuqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokumboza. Amazinga ahlukene ensimbi yamathuluzi, insimbi engagqwali, i-carbide, ama-alloy e-aluminium, nezinye izinto zinemikhawulo ehlukene yokushisa.
Okwesibili, izinga lokushisa lokumboza kufanele lilawulwe ngaphakathi kwebanga elifanele. Ezintweni ezizwela ukushisa, i-PVD yokushisa okuphansi noma enye inqubo yokufaka efanelekile ingakhethwa.
Okwesithathu, amapharamitha enqubo afana ne-bias voltage, amandla e-ion, ukuminyana kwe-plasma, izinga lokufakwa, ingcindezi yokusebenza, kanye nesikhathi senqubo kufanele kulungiselelwe ukuze kufezwe ukusebenza kokumboza okudingekayo ngaphandle kwemiphumela yokushisa ngokweqile noma ukuqhunyiswa kwama-ion.
Okokugcina, izingxenye ezimboziwe kufanele zihlolwe ngokuhlolwa okufanele, okuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwe-micro, ukuhlolwa kokunamathela kwe-coating, ukuhlolwa kokuguguleka, ukulinganiswa kobulukhuni bendawo, kanye nokuhlaziywa kwe-metallographic, kuye ngokusetshenziswa.
7. Isiphetho
Ngakho-ke, ingabe ukugqoka nge-vacuum kuthinta ubulukhuni bezinto ezibonakalayo?
Ngokuvamile, ukugqoka nge-vacuum kuyinqubo yobunjiniyela bomphezulu futhi kuklanyelwe ukushintsha izakhiwo zomphezulu wento ethile kunokushintsha kakhulu ubulukhuni bayo obukhulu. Ukugqoka nge-PVD eqinile kungathuthukisa kakhulu ubulukhuni bomphezulu, ukumelana nokuguguleka, ukuziphatha kokungqubuzana, ukumelana nokugqwala, kanye nokuphila kwenkonzo ngenkathi kugcinwa izakhiwo zemishini ze-substrate.
Kodwa-ke, ubulukhuni bokuqala be-substrate bungathinteka uma inqubo yokumboza iveza ukuvezwa okukhulu kokushisa noma ukuqhuma kwama-ion okungafanele, ikakhulukazi ezinsimbini eziphathwe ngokushisa nezinye izinto ezizwela ukushisa.
Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha ubuchwepheshe obufanele bokufaka i-vacuum, izinto zokumboza, izinga lokushisa le-substrate, izimo zokuqhuma kwama-ion, kanye nemingcele yenqubo kubalulekile.
Ngokucushwa kwefasitela lenqubo efanele kanye nemishini, i-vacuum covering ingafinyelela inhlanganisela efiselekayo yobulukhuni obuphezulu bendawo, ukunamathela okuqinile kwe-coating, ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokuguguleka, kanye nezakhiwo ze-substrate ezizinzile, okuhlinzeka ngesisombululo esisebenzayo sobunjiniyela bendawo sezinhlelo zokusebenza zezimboni ezidinga kakhulu.
-Lesi sihloko sishicilelwe ngu umenzi wemishini yokumboza nge-vacuumI-Zhenhua Vacuum
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-22-2026