Kuputira vacuum kunoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvikamu zvemotokari, maturusi ekucheka, maforoma, zvemagetsi, zvishandiso zvekushongedza, uye mamwe maindasitiri kuvandudza mashandiro epamusoro uye hunhu hwekushanda. Munguva yekuputira, firimu rakatetepa rinoiswa pamusoro pe substrate pasi pemamiriro evacuum, zvichiita kuti pave nejira rinoshanda rine hunhu hwakadai sekuoma kwakanyanya, kuramba kupfeka, kuramba ngura, kukweshana kushoma, kana chitarisiko chekushongedza.
Mubvunzo unowanzo bvunzwa ndewekuti kuputira vacuum pachako kuchakanganisa kuoma kwechinhu che substrate here. Mhinduro yacho haisi yechokwadi. Muzvizhinji zvezvinoshandiswa, chinangwa chikuru chekuvhara vacuum ndechekugadzirisa hunhu hwepamusoro hwechinhu chebasa pane kushandura hunhu hwakawanda hwemuchina we substrate. Zvisinei, mhedzisiro chaiyo inoenderana netekinoroji yekuputira, tembiricha yekushanda, zvinhu zve substrate, dhizaini yekuputira, uye ma process parameters.
1. Kuvhara Vacuum Kunonyanya Kuchinja Hunhu Hwepamusoro
Matekinoroji ekuputira vacuum akadai sePVD (Physical Vapor Deposition), PECVD (Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition), uye mamwe maitiro ekubvisa vacuum anoumba firimu rakatetepa pamusoro pe substrate.
Kusiyana nekurapwa kwekupisa kwakawanda, uko kunogona kushandura zvakanyanya chimiro chesimbi uye hunhu hwemuchina wechinhu mukati meukobvu hwacho, kuputira vacuum kunowanzo kanganisa chete chikamu chepamusoro. Ukobvu hwekuputira hunowanzo kuve muhukuru hwe micrometer kana sub-micrometer, zvichienderana nekushandiswa uye maitiro ekuisa.
Semuenzaniso, machira ePVD akaomarara akadai seTiN, TiCN, CrN, TiAlN, uye AlTiN anogona kupa kuomarara kwepamusoro uye kuramba kupfeka kupfuura substrate iri pasi. Zvisinei, izvi hazvirevi kuti kuomarara kwe substrate yese kwakachinjwa kusvika pamwero wakafanana.
Saka, pakuongorora mhedzisiro ye vacuum coating pakuomarara, zvakakosha kusiyanisa pakati pekuomarara kwe substrate nekuomarara kwe coating.
2. Ko PVD Coating Inogona Kuwedzera Kuoma Kwepamusoro Here?
Muzvishandiso zvakawanda, PVD coating inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kuwedzera kuomarara kwenzvimbo.
Mapendi akaomarara anoiswa nemaitiro akadai se cathodic arc evaporation uye magnetron sputtering anogona kugadzira masisitimu ekuputira akaomarara, anonamatira zvakasimba ane kuomarara kwakanyanya uye anodzivirira kupfeka zvakanaka.
Semuenzaniso, pazvishandiso zvekucheka, jira rakasimba rePVD rinogona kuderedza kupera simba, kupera kwenamira, uye kukweshana pachinhu chinoshandiswa pakugadzira jira nechinhu. Gwaro iri rinoshanda sechikamu chekudzivirira nepo chikamu chepasi chichipa kusimba kwakakodzera uye rutsigiro rwemakanika.
Saka kushanda kwekupedzisira hakuonekwi chete nekuoma kwejira racho, asiwo nekusanganiswa kwe:
Kuomarara kwekuputira + kunamira kwekuputira + ukobvu hwekuputira + kuomarara kwepasi pevhu + kupfekedza/kushongedza kwepasi pevhu + dhizaini yekuputira.
Kupenda kwakasimba kwazvo hakuvimbisi kushanda zvakanaka kana substrate yacho yakapfava zvakanyanya kana kuti kunamatira kwayo kusina kukwana.
3. Kupisa kweCoating Kuchakanganisa Kuoma kweSubstrate Here?
Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha pakuongorora kana kuputira vacuum kungakanganisa kuomarara kwe substrate.
Maitiro akasiyana ePVD nePECVD anoshanda mukati memazinga akasiyana ekupisa. Panguva yekuiswa, substrate inosangana nesimba rekupisa rinogadzirwa neplasma, ion bombardment, evaporation sources, kana mamwe mamiriro ekushanda.
Kune zvinhu zvinonzwa kupisa kwakanyanya, kupisa kwakanyanya kana kupisa kwenguva refu zvinogona kukanganisa magadzirirwo epakutanga uye hunhu hwemakanika.
Semuenzaniso, mamwe masimbi esimbi akaomeswa anowana hunhu hwawo hwemakanika kuburikidza nemaitiro chaiwo ekudzima nekudzikamisa. Kana tembiricha yekufukidza ikapfuura zvakanyanya tembiricha yakakodzera yekudzikamisa, pane mukana wekuti pave nemigumisiro yekudzikamisa, izvo zvinogona kuderedza kuomarara kwe substrate.
Saka, kune simbi dzakaomarara nedzimwe substrates dzinonzwa kupisa, maitiro ekuputira anofanira kugadzirwa zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu ekupisa kwechinhu chacho uye tembiricha inobvumirwa.
4. Kubhomba kweIon uye Kugadziriswa kweUso
Mumaitiro mazhinji ePVD, substrate inoputirwa neion isati yaiswa uye panguva yekuiswa kwayo.
Kucheneswa kweIon kana plasma kunogona kubvisa tsvina pamusoro uye kuita kuti pamusoro pesubstrate pave nekunamira, zvichivandudza kunamira kwecoating. Panguva yekuiswa, kubhomba kwemaion kunodzorwa kunogonawo kukanganisa kuzara kwefirimu, kushushikana kwasara, chimiro chidiki, uye kunamira kwecoating.
Zvisinei, simba rakawandisa remaion kana ma process parameters asina kukodzera zvinogona kukonzera migumisiro isingadiwe yakadai sekudziya kwakanyanya kwe substrate, kukuvara kwenzvimbo, kana kuwedzera kushushikana kwakasara.
Saka, ma parameter akadai se bias voltage, arc current, discharge power, working pressure, substrate tembiricha, uye deposition rate zvinofanirwa kudzorwa nemazvo zvichienderana ne substrate material uye coating system.
5. Kuoma kweCoating kwakasiyana neKuoma kweSubstrate
Kusanzwisisana kwakajairika ndekwekuti workpiece inova "yakaoma" nekuda kwekunge jira rakasimba rakaiswa pamusoro paro.
Muchokwadi, kuputira vacuum kunowanzoita kuti pave nechikamu chakaoma pamusoro, nepo kuomarara kwechinhu chacho kuchiramba kuchienderana nemamiriro acho chaiwo uye kurapwa kwekupisa.
Semuenzaniso, chishandiso chekucheka kabhidhi chingave ne substrate yakaoma uye PVD coating yakaoma. Coating iyi inovandudza kuramba kupfeka kwepamusoro uye kushanda kwetribological, nepo carbide substrate ichipa simba uye kusimba kwechimiro.
Saizvozvowo, kune zvikamu zvesimbi yakaoma, chifukidziro chePVD chinogona kupa nzvimbo yakaoma uye inodzivirira kupera pasina kuchinja kuoma kwesimbi iri pasi, chero bedzi tembiricha yekuisa zvinhu ichiramba iri mukati mehwindo rakakodzera rekuita.
6. Maitiro Ekudzivirira Kuvhara Vacuum Kuti Kusakanganisa Kuoma Kwe Substrate
Kuti zvinhu zvepakutanga zve substrate zvirambe zviripo, maitiro ekuputira anofanira kugadziriswa zvichienderana nezvinhu uye mashandisirwo azvo.
Kutanga, zvinhu zvepasi pevhu uye mamiriro ekupisa zvinofanirwa kusimbiswa usati waisa pendi. Mhando dzakasiyana dzesimbi yezvishandiso, simbi isingatsvi, carbide, alloys dzearuminiyamu, nezvimwe zvinhu zvine miganhu yakasiyana yekupisa.
Chechipiri, tembiricha yekuputira inofanira kudzorwa mukati mehuwandu hwakakodzera. Pazvinhu zvinonzwa kupisa, PVD inodziya zvishoma kana imwe nzira yakakodzera yekuiisa inogona kusarudzwa.
Chechitatu, ma process parameter akadai se bias voltage, ion energy, plasma density, deposition rate, working pressure, uye process time zvinofanirwa kugadziriswa kuti zviwane coating performance inodiwa pasina kupisa kwakanyanya kana ion bombardment effects.
Chekupedzisira, zvikamu zvakaputirwa zvinofanirwa kuongororwa kuburikidza nemiedzo yakakodzera, kusanganisira kuyedzwa kwehukukutu hwe microhardness, kuyedzwa kwekunamira kwe coating, kuyedzwa kwekupfeka, kuyerwa kwe surface roughness, uye metallographic analysis, zvichienderana nekushandiswa.
7. Mhedziso
Saka, kuputira vacuum kunokanganisa kuoma kwezvinhu here?
Kazhinji, kuputira vacuum inonyanya kuita basa rekugadzira pamusoro pechinhu uye yakagadzirirwa kugadzirisa hunhu hwechinhu pane kuchinja zvakanyanya kuomarara kwacho. Kuputira kwakasimba kwePVD kunogona kuvandudza kuomarara kwechinhu, kuramba kupfeka, maitiro ekukweshana, kuramba ngura, uye hupenyu hwebasa uku uchichengetedza hunhu hwemuchina wechinhu.
Zvisinei, kuomarara kwepakutanga kwesubstrate kunogona kukanganiswa kana maitiro ekuputira akaisa kupisa kwakanyanya kana ion bombardment isina kukodzera, kunyanya kune simbi dzakagadziriswa kupisa nezvimwe zvinhu zvinonzwa kupisa.
Saka, kusarudza tekinoroji yakakodzera yekuisa vacuum, zvinhu zvekufukidza, tembiricha ye substrate, mamiriro ekuputika kwemaion, uye ma process parameters zvakakosha.
Nekugadziriswa kwakakodzera kwehwindo rekushanda uye michina, vacuum coating inogona kuwana musanganiswa unodiwa wekuomarara kwepamusoro, kunamira kwakasimba kwecoating, kuramba kupfeka kwakanaka, uye hunhu hwakagadzikana hwe substrate, zvichipa mhinduro inoshanda yekugadzira pamusoro pemashandisirwo anoda simba mumaindasitiri.
-Chinyorwa ichi chakabudiswa na mugadziri wemidziyo yekuputira vacuumZhenhua Vacuum
Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-22-2026