Sezvo maturusi ekucheka, maforoma akanyatsogadzirwa, zvikamu zvemotokari, zvikamu zvemagetsi uye mashandisirwo ekugadzira emhando yepamusoro zvichiri kuramba zvichifambira mberi nekukurumidza, mutoro wakakwira uye hupenyu hwebasa hwakareba, maforoma akasimba ave mhinduro yakakosha yekugadzira pamusoro. Maforoma akadai seAlTiN, AlCrN, TiAlSiN, CrAlN, DLC uye ta-C haachashandiswi chete kuvandudza kuoma kwenzvimbo. Ari kudiwa zvakanyanya kuti ape musanganiswa wakakwana wekudzivirira kupfeka, kudzivirira oxidation, kukweshana kwakaderera, kugadzikana kwekupisa, kunamira kwakasimba uye kushanda kwakasimba mumamiriro ekushanda akaomarara.
Zvisinei, shure kwependi yega yega ine simba guru, kune hwindo rakamanikana uye rinonzwa zvakanyanya. Hunhu hwependi hwekupedzisira hunoonekwa kwete neparameter imwe chete, asi nekubatana kwakanyatsojeka kwenzvimbo ye vacuum, huwandu hweplasma, tembiricha ye substrate, bias voltage, kuyerera kwegasi, mamiriro echinangwa, chiyero chekuisa, simba reion uye kufamba kwe fixture. Kune vagadziri vemidziyo ye vacuum coating nevanopa masevhisi e coating, kunzwisisa nekudzora mahwindo aya akakosha ndiyo hwaro hwekuwana kugadzirwa kwe coating kwakasimba, kunodzokororwa uye kwakasimudzirwa mumaindasitiri.
Maitiro Eindasitiri: Kubva Pakuputira Kwakanangana Nekuoma Kwebasa Kuenda Kuinjiniya Yepamusoro Inotarisa Kushanda
Pakutanga kwekushandiswa kwependi yakaoma, mashandiro ependi aiwanzoongororwa nekuomarara. Firimu rakaoma raionekwa sefirimu riri nani. Zvisinei, sezvo mamiriro ekushandisa achiwedzera kuoma, pfungwa iyi yekuongorora haichakwani. Mukucheka nekukurumidza, pendi inofanira kuramba kuoxidation uye kupisa. Mukushandiswa kwemould kwakanyatsojeka, inofanira kuderedza kukweshana uye kudzivirira kupfeka kwenamira. Mukushandiswa kwemagetsi nemidziyo midiki, inofanira kuchengetedza kupinza kwemucheto uye kudzivirira kushushikana kwakanyanya kwemukati. Mukushandiswa kwemotokari nekushongedza, kugadzikana kwependi, kutsvedzerera kwepamusoro uye kuenderana kwemavara ebatch zvakakosha zvakaenzana.
Kuchinja uku kunoreva kuti tekinoroji ye superhard coating yapinda padanho rakanyatsonaka. Coating iyi haisi kungodzivirira chete, asiwo inoshanda pakati pe substrate nenzvimbo yekushanda. Kushanda kwayo kunoenderana ne microstructure, phase composition, residual stress, interface bonding uye surface morphology. Saka, dambudziko guru rekuumbwa kwe superhard coating harisi kungoti "maitirwo ekuisa firimu rakaoma", asi "maitirwo ekuisa chimiro chakakodzera chefirimu mukati mehwindo remaitiro akagadzikana uye anodzorwa".
Dambudziko reMaitiro: Kuenzana Pakati Pekuoma, Kunamatira uye Kushushikana Kwasara
Kuumbwa kwezvipfeko zvakasimba kunosanganisira kuenzana nguva dzose pakati pekuomarara, kuomarara, kunamira uye kushushikana kwemukati. Semuenzaniso, kuwedzera simba remaion bombardment kunogona kuomesa chimiro chefirimu uye kuvandudza kuomarara, asi simba remaion rakawandisa rinogona kuunza kushushikana kwakanyanya, kuderedza kunamira kana kutokonzera kupeta kwejira. Kuwedzera kumanikidzwa kwechikamu chenitrogen kunogona kukurudzira kuumbwa kwe nitride, asi chiyero chegasi chisina kugadzikana chinogona kutungamira kune chepfu yechinangwa, kuchinja kwehuwandu hwekuisa uye kusagadzikana kwechikamu. Kukwidza tembiricha ye substrate kunogona kuvandudza kufamba kweatomu uye crystallinity, asi tembiricha yakawandisa inogona kukanganisa zvikamu zvemhando yepamusoro, kunyorovesa substrate kana kukanganisa kururama kwemativi.
Kune machira e-superhard akavakirwa pacarbon akadai seDLC neta-C, process window inova yakanyanya kusimba. Chiyero che "high sp³ carbon bond" chakakosha kuti pave nekuomarara kwakanyanya, asi kazhinji chinoda kudzora kwakaringana kwesimba reion nemamiriro eplasma. Kana simba reion rakaderera zvakanyanya, firimu rinogona kuita segraphite uye kurasikirwa nekuomarara. Kana simba reion rakakwirira zvakanyanya, firimu rinogona kuunganidza kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya uye kutambura nekusabatana zvakanaka. Nokudaro, kuiswa kweta-C kana machira eDLC anoshanda zvakanyanya hakudi chete plasma source yakagadzikana, asiwo kutonga kwakanaka pamusoro pe substrate bias, tembiricha yekuisa, simba recarbon ion uye dhizaini ye interlayer.
Kune machira akavakirwa pa nitride akadai seAlTiN, AlCrN neTiAlSiN, chinhu chikuru ndechekudzora chiyero chesimbi, nitrogen reaction degree, coating density uye multilayer structure. Kuwanda kweAl kwakakodzera kunogona kuvandudza oxidation resistance, nepo Ti, Cr kana Si elements zvichibatsira kugadzirisa kuomarara, kuomarara uye kugadzikana kwekupisa. Zvisinei, kana musanganiswa wacho ukasiyana nehwindo remagadzirirwo akagadzirwa, coating inogona kupwanyika, kuva nemaburi kana kusagadzikana pakupisa kwakanyanya. Ndosaka maitiro emazuva ano e superhard coating achinyanya kuvimba nekutonga kwesimba kwakaringana, kudzorwa kwegasi rakagadzikana uye kugoverwa kweplasma kunodzokororwa.
Zvinodiwa paMidziyo: Plasma Yakagadzikana, Kudzora Kwakarurama uye Kudzokororwa Kwekuiswa
Kuti uwane machira emhando yepamusoro e superhard, michina ye vacuum coating inofanira kupa nzvimbo yakadzikama uye inodzorwa zvakanyanya. Chinodiwa chekutanga isystem ye vacuum yakachena uye yakavimbika. Kumanikidzwa kwakaderera kunobatsira kuderedza okisijeni, hunyoro nezvimwe zvinosvibisa zvasara, izvo zvinokanganisa zvakananga kuchena kwe coating uye kubatana kwe interface. Munguva yekuisa, kumanikidzwa kwakasimba kwekushanda kwakakoshawo pakuchengetedza kufanana kweplasma uye kudzora nzira yakasununguka yezvikamu. Chero kuchinja kwe pressure ye vacuum kunogona kukonzera shanduko mu density yefirimu, kuomarara kwenzvimbo uye mwero wekuisa.
Chinhu chechipiri chinodiwa ndechekudzora plasma nemazvo. Ingave uchishandisa cathodic arc ion plating, magnetron sputtering, filtered arc deposition kana hybrid coating technology, simba uye density ye charged particles zvine simba rakananga pachimiro che coating. Plasma source yakasimba inogona kuvandudza ionization rate, kuwedzera coating compactness uye kuona kuti firimu ne substrate zvinobatana zvakasimba. Kune superhard coatings, kunyanya idzo dzinoda dense nanocomposite kana multilayer structures, plasma stability ine chekuita nekuomarara kwe coating, kuomarara uye hupenyu hwebasa.
Bias voltage ndeimwe nzira yakakosha yekuita. Substrate bias inodzora simba remaion bombardment uye inokanganisa densification yefirimu, residual stress uye adhesion. Bias inodzorwa zvakanaka inogona kumutsa pamusoro pe substrate, kuvandudza nucleation uye kugadzira dense coating structure. Zvisinei, bias yakawandisa inogona kukonzera kupisa, kuunganidzwa kwe stress kana kukuvara kwemucheto, kunyanya kune zvishandiso zvakarurama uye zvikamu zvidiki. Naizvozvo, michina yepamusoro ye coating inofanira kutsigira kutonga kwakarurama, kwakasimba uye kwakarongwa kwe bias mukati mekuchenesa, transition layer deposition uye main coating deposition.
Kutarisira tembiricha kwakakoshawo. Kugadzirwa kwejira rakasimba kunowanzoda tembiricha yakakwana yejira kuti firimu rive rakasimba uye rinonamira. Panguva imwe chete, zvinhu zvakawanda, zvakaita sematurusi ecarbide akanyatsogadzirwa, maforoma, zvikamu zvesimbi isingatsvi kana zvikamu zvemagetsi, zvine miganhu yakasimba yetembiricha. Izvi zvinoda michina yejira kuti ipe kupisa kwakafanana, mhinduro chaiyo yetembiricha uye kudzora kupisa kunoshanda panguva refu yekugadzira. Kune maitiro eDLC kana ta-C anodziya zvishoma, kugadzikana kwetembiricha kunonyanya kukosha nekuti firimu rinofanira kuchengetedza kuomarara kwakanyanya pasina kukuvadza jira.
Kuyerera kwegasi uye kudzora mhepo inochinja-chinja ndiwo musimboti wenguva yekushanda. Mumasystem ekuputira nitride necarbonitride, chiyero cheargon, nitrogen, acetylene kana mamwe magasi anochinja-chinja anosarudza kuumbwa kwefirimu uye chimiro chechikamu. Shanduko diki mukuyerera kwegasi dzinogona kutungamira kune misiyano yakakura mukuoma, ruvara, kushushikana uye kuramba kupfeka. Nokudaro, zvinhu zvinodzora kuyerera kwehuwandu zvakanyatsonaka, kudzora kumanikidzwa kwakasimba uye nzira dzekubika dzakavimbika zvinodiwa kuti pagadzirwe kuputira kunodzokororwa.
Kune cathodic arc-based superhard coatings, kudzora zvidimbu chimwe chinhu chakakosha. Manyuko eArc anozivikanwa nekukwira kwawo kweionization uye kunamira kwakasimba kwefirimu, asi madonhwe nemacroparticles zvinogona kukanganisa kutsvedzerera kwecoat uye kunaka kwenzvimbo. Mumashandisirwo akadai sema micro-drills, ma precision molds, optical components kana decorating functional coatings, zvidimbu zvakawandisa zvinogona kuva manyuko ezvikanganiso. Nokudaro, magnetic filtering, optimized arc source design, controlled target erosion uye shielding structures dzakakodzera zvakakosha pakuvandudza kunaka kwenzvimbo yecoatings.
Dhizaini yemidziyo haifanirwe kuregeredzwa. Mapurasitiki akaomarara anowanzo shandiswa pazvishandiso zvakaoma kana zvikamu zvine mipendero yekucheka, migero, maburi uye nzvimbo dzakakombama. Kana dhizaini yemidziyo isina musoro, mhedzisiro yemumvuri, ukobvu husina kuenzana uye kufukidzwa kwemucheto kwakashata kunogona kuitika. Kutenderera kwakawanda-axis, kugoverwa kwemidziyo yakaenzana uye kubatana kwemagetsi kwakasimba zvakakosha pakuona kuti mapurasitiki anowirirana muchikamu chose. Mukugadzirwa kwemidziyo yakawanda, sisitimu yemidziyo inosarudza zvakananga kana michina ichigona kuenzana nekukwanisa kwayo kurodha kwakaenzana nehunhu hwepurasitiki yakaenzana.
Pfupiso Yekukosha: Kudzora Mahwindo Emaitiro Kunotsanangura Kukwikwidzana Kwekuputira
Kukwikwidzana kwetekinoroji ye superhard coating kunotsamira pakukwanisa kudzora hwindo remaitikiro. Coating inoshanda zvakanyanya haigadzirwe neparamita imwe chete ine simba, asi nekufananidza kwakarurama kwe substrate pretreatment, kuchenesa plasma, dhizaini ye transition layer, simba rekuisa, mhepo ine gasi, ukobvu hwe coating, kudzora kushushikana uye maitiro ekutonhodza. Chero kutsauka mudanho rimwe chete kunogona kuderedza kunamira kwe coating, kuwedzera kuputsika, kukanganisa kutsvedzerera kwepamusoro kana kupfupisa hupenyu hwebasa.
Kune vashandisi vekupedzisira, kuputira kwakasimba kunoreva kugara kwenguva refu kwezvishandiso, kukweshana kushoma, kunyatsogadzirwa zvakanaka, kukanganiswa kushoma kwekugadzirwa uye kudzikira kwemutengo wekugadzira. Kune vanopa masevhisi ekuputira, mahwindo ekuputira akasimba anoreva kuenderana kuri nani kwebatch, kushanduka-shanduka kwemhando kushoma uye kukwikwidzana kwakasimba mumashandisirwo emhando yepamusoro. Kune vagadziri vezvishandiso, kugona kupa chikuva chakakwana uye chinodzorwa chekuputira ndicho chinhu chikuru chekubatsira vatengi kubva pakugadzira sampuro kuenda kukugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri makuru.
Sezvo kugadzirwa kwepamusoro-soro kuri kuramba kuchikura, machira akaomarara achadiwa kuti ashande mumamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara. Danho rinotevera remakwikwi harichazongogumiri pakuomarara kwepurasitiki chete. Richatarisa pakushanda kwakazara kwefirimu, kudzora kwakarurama kwemaitiro uye kugona kudzokororwa kwehuwandu hwemagadzirirwo. Saka michina yekuvhara machira inofanira kushanduka kuita chikuva chakabatanidzwa cheinjiniya yepamusoro chinosanganisa vacuum yakachena, plasma yakagadzikana, kutonga kwakarurama kwebias, manejimendi yekupisa yepamusoro, dhizaini yekuvhara inochinjika uye kudzokorora kwemaitiro kwakangwara.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, nzira huru yekugadzira superhard coating haisi kungotarisa chete hunyanzvi hwezvigadzirwa. Ndiwo muganho mukuru unosarudza mashandiro ecoating, kugadzikana kwekugadzirwa uye kukosha kwemusika. Ani nani anogona kugona iyi hwindo achakwanisa kupa mhinduro dzakavimbika dzesuperhard coating dzezvishandiso zvekucheka, maforoma, zvikamu zvemotokari, kugadzira zvemagetsi nezvimwe zvinoshandiswa mumaindasitiri epamusoro.
-Chinyorwa ichi chakabudiswa namugadziri wemidziyo yekuputira vacuumZhenhua Vacuum
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-12-2026