Uko ibikoresho byo gukata, imashini zikora neza, ibice by'imodoka, ibice by'ikoranabuhanga n'inganda zikora ibintu byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bikomeje kugenda bigana ku muvuduko wo hejuru, umutwaro mwinshi no kumara igihe kirekire, imashini zikora ibintu bikomeye byabaye igisubizo cy'ingenzi mu buhanga bwo hejuru. Imashini nka AlTiN, AlCrN, TiAlSiN, CrAlN, DLC na ta-C ntizikikoreshwa gusa mu kunoza ubukana bw'ubuso. Zikomeje gukenerwa cyane kugira ngo zitange uburyo bwuzuye bwo kudashira, kudashira, kudacika intege, kudahindagurika k'ubushyuhe, gufatana neza no gukora neza mu gihe cy'akazi gakomeye.
Nyuma ya buri gipfundikizo gikomeye cyane, hari idirishya rito kandi ryihuta cyane. Ubwiza bwa nyuma bwo gupfundikizo ntibugenwa n'ikintu kimwe, ahubwo bugenwa n'uburyo ibidukikije bidafite umwuka, ubucucike bwa plasma, ubushyuhe bwa substrate, voltage ya bias, gazi itembera, imiterere y'intego, igipimo cyo gushyiramo, ingufu za ion n'uburyo ibikoresho bikoreshwa. Ku bakora ibikoresho byo gupfundikizi ...
Uko inganda zihagaze: Kuva ku gusiga irangi rishingiye ku gukomera kugeza ku buhanga bwo hejuru bushingiye ku mikorere myiza
Mu ntangiriro zo gukoresha irangi rikomeye, imikorere y’irangi yakunze kugenzurwa ahanini n’ubukomere. Irangi rikomeye muri rusange ryafatwaga nk’irangi ryiza. Ariko, uko ikoreshwa rigenda rirushaho kuba rigoye, iyi logic imwe yo gusuzuma ntabwo ihagije. Mu guca vuba cyane, irangi rigomba kwirinda ogisijeni no gucika kw’ubushyuhe. Mu gukoresha irangi neza, rigomba kugabanya gukururana no gukumira kwangirika kw’ikirahure. Mu gukoresha ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga n’ibikoresho bito, rigomba kugumana ubukana bw’inkombe no kwirinda guhangayika cyane imbere. Mu gukoresha imodoka n’imitako, rigomba kugumana ubukana bw’inkombe no kwirinda guhangayika cyane imbere. Mu gukoresha imodoka n’imitako, guhagarara neza kw’irangi, ubushyuhe bw’ubuso n’ubudahinduka bw’amabara ni ingenzi cyane.
Iri hinduka bivuze ko ikoranabuhanga ryo gusiga amavuta akomeye ryinjiye mu cyiciro cyiza kurushaho. Gusiga amavuta ntabwo ari urwego rwo kurinda gusa, ahubwo ni n'uburyo bwo guhuza imiterere y'ubutaka n'aho bukorera. Imikorere yabyo ishingira ku miterere mito, imiterere y'ibyiciro, imbaraga zisigaye, guhuza imiterere y'ubuso n'imiterere y'ubuso. Kubwibyo, ikibazo nyamukuru cyo gushyiraho amavuta akomeye ntabwo kikiri "uburyo bwo gushyira firime ikomeye" gusa, ahubwo ni "uburyo bwo gushyira imiterere ikwiye ya firime mu idirishya rihamye kandi rigenzurwa".
Ikibazo cy'imikorere: Uburinganire hagati y'ubukomere, gufatana n'umuvuduko usigaye
Gushingwa kwa superhard coatings bisaba kuringaniza buri gihe hagati y’ubukomere, gukomera, gufatana n’umuvuduko w’imbere. Urugero, kongera ingufu za ion bombardment bishobora kongera imiterere ya filime no kunoza ubukomere, ariko ingufu za ion nyinshi zishobora gutera umuvuduko mwinshi wo gukanda, kugabanya gufatana cyangwa ndetse no gutera gushishwa kwa coatings. Kongera umuvuduko wa azote igice bishobora gutuma habaho nitride, ariko igipimo cya gaze kidahindagurika gishobora gutera uburozi bw’intego, ihindagurika ry’umuvuduko w’aho ibintu biherereye ndetse no kudakomera kw’ibyiciro. Kongera ubushyuhe bwa substrate bishobora kunoza uburyo atome zigenda n’ubushyuhe, ariko ubushyuhe bukabije bushobora guhindura ibice by’ubuziranenge, koroshya substrate cyangwa kugira ingaruka ku buryo ibintu bingana.
Ku bijyanye n'ingufu zikomeye zishingiye kuri karuboni nka DLC na ta-C, inzira y'imikorere irushaho kuba nziza. Igipimo cyo hejuru cya sp³ carbone bond ni ingenzi kugira ngo haboneke ubukana bwinshi, ariko akenshi bisaba kugenzura neza ingufu za iyoni n'imiterere ya plasma. Iyo ingufu za iyoni ziri hasi cyane, firime ishobora guhinduka nk'iya grafiti ikabura ubukana. Iyo ingufu za iyoni ziri hejuru cyane, firime ishobora kwegeranya umuvuduko ukabije wo gukanda no kugira ikibazo cyo kudafata neza. Kubwibyo, gushyira ta-C cyangwa DLC coatings mu buryo bwo hejuru ntibisaba gusa isoko ihamye ya plasma, ahubwo bisaba no kugenzura neza uburyo substrate bias, ubushyuhe bwo gushyiramo, ingufu za iyoni za karuboni n'imiterere y'urwego rw'ibice.
Ku bijyanye n'imyambaro ishingiye kuri nitride nka AlTiN, AlCrN na TiAlSiN, icy'ingenzi ni ukugenzura igipimo cy'ibintu by'icyuma, urugero rwa azote, ubucucike bw'imyambaro n'imiterere y'ibice byinshi. Ingano ya Al ikwiye ishobora kunoza ubudahangarwa bw'ingufu, mu gihe ibintu bya Ti, Cr cyangwa Si bifasha mu guhindura ubukana, gukomera no kudahindagurika kw'ubushyuhe. Ariko, iyo imiterere itandukanye n'idirishya ryagenwe, imashini ishobora kwangirika, kugira imyenge cyangwa kudahindagurika mu bushyuhe bwinshi. Niyo mpamvu inzira zigezweho zo gusiga imashini zikomeye zishingiye ku kugenzura ingufu neza, kugenzura imikorere ya gaze ihamye no gukwirakwiza plasma mu buryo bushobora gusubiramo.
Ibisabwa ku bikoresho: Plasma ihamye, kugenzura neza no kongera kuyikoresha
Kugira ngo ubone irangi rikomeye cyane, ibikoresho byo gusiga irangi bigomba gutanga ahantu hahamye kandi hagenzurwa neza. Icya mbere ni uburyo bwo gusiga irangi ridasukuye kandi ryizewe. Umuvuduko muto w’ibanze ufasha kugabanya ogisijeni, ubushuhe n’ibindi bintu bisigaye bihumanya, ibyo bikaba bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku irangi no gufatana neza. Mu gihe cyo gusiga irangi, umuvuduko uhoraho w’imikorere na wo ni ingenzi kugira ngo plasma ikomeze kuba imwe no kugenzura inzira y’ibice bito. Ihindagurika iryo ari ryo ryose ry’umuvuduko utari mu ruhu rishobora gutera impinduka mu bucucike bwa firime, ubukana bw’ubuso n’umuvuduko wo gusiga irangi.
Ikintu cya kabiri cy'ingenzi gisabwa ni ukugenzura neza plasma. Byaba hakoreshejwe cathodic arc ion plating, magnetron sputtering, filtered arc deposition cyangwa ikoranabuhanga rya hybrid coating, ingufu n'ubucucike bw'uduce twa charged bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku miterere ya coating. Isoko ya plasma ihamye ishobora kunoza igipimo cya ionization, kongera ubucucike bw'coating no kwemeza ko filime na substrate bifatanya cyane. Ku bipfundikizo bikomeye cyane, cyane cyane ibisaba imiterere minini cyangwa myinshi, plasma ihamye ifitanye isano itaziguye no gukomera kwa coating, gukomera no kumara igihe kinini.
Umuvuduko w’ibice ni ikindi kintu cy’ingenzi mu mikorere. Ibice by’ibice bigenzura ingufu za ion bombardment kandi bigira ingaruka ku kwiyongera kwa firime, stress isigaye no gufatana. Ibice bigenzurwa neza bishobora gukora ubuso bwa substrate, kunoza imiterere y’ibice no gukora imiterere y’ibice binini. Ariko, ibice binini bishobora gutera ubushyuhe bwinshi, stress nyinshi cyangwa kwangirika kw’inkombe, cyane cyane ku bikoresho bigezweho n’ibice bito. Kubwibyo, ibikoresho bigezweho byo gusiga bigomba gushyigikira uburyo bwo kugenzura ibice neza, buhamye kandi bushobora gutegurwa mu gihe cyo gusukura, gushyiramo ibice bisimburana no gushyiramo ibice binini.
Gucunga ubushyuhe nabyo ni ingenzi. Gushyiraho irangi rikomeye cyane akenshi bisaba ubushyuhe buhagije bwa substrate kugira ngo firime irusheho kuba nziza kandi ifatanye. Muri icyo gihe, substrate nyinshi, nk'ibikoresho bya karubide by'ubuziranenge, ibumba, ibice by'icyuma kitagira umugese cyangwa ibice by'ikoranabuhanga, bifite imipaka ikomeye y'ubushyuhe. Ibi bisaba ibikoresho byo gusiga kugira ngo bitange ubushyuhe bumwe, gutanga ibitekerezo by'ubushyuhe neza no kugenzura neza ubushyuhe mu gihe kirekire cyo gukora. Ku bijyanye na DLC cyangwa ta-C y'ubushyuhe buke, ubushyuhe burakomera kurushaho kuko firime igomba kugumana ubukana bwinshi idakwangiza substrate.
Urujya n'uruza rw'umwuka n'ikirere gihindagurika nabyo ni ingenzi mu idirishya ry'ibikorwa. Muri sisitemu yo gusiga nitride na karubonitride, igipimo cya argon, azote, acetylene cyangwa indi myuka ihindagurika kigena imiterere ya firime n'imiterere y'icyiciro. Impinduka nto mu rujya n'uruza rw'umwuka zishobora gutera itandukaniro rikomeye mu gukomera, ibara, umuvuduko no kudashira. Kubwibyo, ibikoresho bigenzura ubwinshi bw'amazi, kugenzura umuvuduko uhoraho n'uburyo bwizewe bwo gukora ni ngombwa kugira ngo hakorwe irangi rishobora gusubiramo.
Ku bijyanye n'imyambaro ikomeye ishingiye kuri arc ya cathodic, kugenzura ibice ni ikindi kintu cy'ingenzi. Inkomoko z'arc zizwiho umuvuduko wo hejuru wa ionization no gufatana neza kwa firime, ariko ibitonyanga n'uduce duto bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo bworoshye bwo gusiga no ku bwiza bw'ubuso. Mu bikorwa nko gutobora ibintu bito, imashini zikora neza, ibice by'amatara cyangwa imashini zikora neza, ibice byinshi bishobora kuba inkomoko y'ubusembwa. Kubwibyo, kuyungurura magnetic, igishushanyo cyiza cy'isoko ry'arc, isuri igenzurwa n'inyubako zirinda ni ingenzi mu kunoza ubwiza bw'ubuso bwo gusiga.
Imiterere y'ibikoresho ntabwo igomba kwirengagizwa. Imyambaro ikomeye ikunze gukoreshwa ku bikoresho bigoye cyangwa ibice bifite impande zo gukata, imiyoboro, imyobo n'ubuso bugoramye. Iyo imiterere y'ibikoresho idakwiye, ingaruka zo gupfuka igicucu, ubugari butaringaniye no gupfuka ibirenge nabi bishobora kubaho. Guzunguruka kw'imirongo myinshi, gukwirakwiza imizigo imwe hamwe no gukorana neza n'amashanyarazi ni ingenzi kugira ngo habeho uburinganire mu gupfuka ibyuma mu gice cyose. Mu gukora ibintu byinshi, sisitemu y'ibikoresho igena neza niba ibikoresho bishobora kuringaniza ubushobozi bwo gupfuka ibyuma n'ubwiza bwabyo.
Incamake y'agaciro: Igenzura ry'amadirishya rigena ihangana ry'ipamba
Ubuhanga bwo gusiga amavuta mu buryo bukomeye buterwa n'ubushobozi bwo kugenzura idirishya ry'ibikorwa. Gusiga amavuta mu buryo buhanitse ntibiterwa n'uburyo bumwe bukomeye bwo kugabanya ubushyuhe, gusukura plasma, imiterere y'urwego rw'impinduka, ingufu zo gushyiramo, ikirere cya gaze, ubugari bw'udupira, kugenzura imihangayiko no gukonjesha. Guhinduka mu ntambwe imwe bishobora kugabanya uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta, kongera ububobere, kugira ingaruka ku buryo bworoshye bwo hejuru cyangwa kugabanya igihe cyo gukora.
Ku bakoresha ibikoresho bya nyuma, irangi rihamye rituma ibikoresho biramba, bigira ingaruka nke ku mikorere, ikoranabuhanga rirushaho kunoza imikorere, bigira ingaruka nke ku mikorere ndetse bigagabanya ikiguzi cy’inganda muri rusange. Ku batanga serivisi zo gusiga irangi, amadirishya ahamye yo gutunganya ibintu bivuze ko ibintu bihora bihindagurika neza, bigira ingaruka nke ku bwiza kandi bikagira ubushobozi bwo guhangana mu buryo buhanitse. Ku bakora ibikoresho, ubushobozi bwo gutanga urubuga rwuzuye kandi rugenzurwa rwo gusiga irangi ni ingenzi mu gufasha abakiriya kuva mu iterambere ry’icyitegererezo bakajya mu nganda nini.
Uko inganda ziteye imbere zikomeza gutera imbere, irangi rikomeye cyane rizasabwa gukora mu bihe bigoye cyane. Icyiciro gikurikira cy'irushanwa ntikizongera kuba gusa ku gukomera kw'irangi. Kizibanda ku mikorere ya filime yuzuye, kugenzura neza inzira n'ubushobozi bwo gukora ibintu byinshi. Ibikoresho byo gusiga irangi bigomba guhinduka urubuga rw'ubuhanga bwo gushushanya ubuso ruhuza irangi ryiza, plasma ihamye, kugenzura neza ibipimo, gucunga ubushyuhe buhanitse, imiterere yo gusiga irangi ihindagurika kandi ikongera gukoreshwa neza.
Muri uru rwego, inzira y'ingenzi yo gushyiraho superhard coating si urwego rw'ibipimo bya tekiniki gusa. Ni umupaka w'ingenzi ugena imikorere y'ipamba, umuvuduko w'umusaruro n'agaciro k'isoko. Umuntu wese ushobora kumenya neza iri pamba azabasha gutanga ibisubizo byizewe cyane byo gukata ibikoresho, ibumba, ibice by'imodoka, inganda zikora ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga n'izindi nganda zigezweho.
-Iyi nkuru yasohotse nauruganda rukora ibikoresho byo gusiga irangi ry'umwukaZhenhua Vacuum
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-12-2026