Nhoroondo yekushandiswa kwekupisa kwezuva yakareba kupfuura iyo yekushandiswa kwe photovoltaic, ma "solar water heater" emabhizimisi akaonekwa muna 1891 kuburikidza nekutorwa kwezuva, simba rechiedza kuita simba rekupisa mushure mekushandiswa zvakananga kana kuchengetwa rinogonawo kushandurwa kuita magetsi nekupisa majenareta anofambiswa nemhepo. Kushandiswa kwekupisa kwezuva kunogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zvitatu zvichienderana nehuwandu hwekupisa: kushandiswa kwekupisa kwakaderera (<100C), kunonyanya kushandiswa pakudziyisa dziva rekushambira, kupisa kwemhepo yekufema, nezvimwewo, kushandiswa kwekupisa kwepakati (100 ~ 400C), kunonyanya kushandiswa pakudziyisa mvura inopisa yemumba nemakamuri, kudziyisa muindasitiri, nezvimwewo; kushandiswa kwekupisa kwakanyanya (>400C), kunonyanya kushandiswa pakudziyisa mumaindasitiri, kugadzira simba rekupisa, nezvimwewo. Nekusimudzirwa kwehurongwa hwekugadzira simba rekuunganidza, kuramba kupisa kwepakati nepakati uye kupisa kwakanyanya uye kutsvaga kwezvinhu zvinodzivirira zvakatipoteredza kwave chinhu chakakosha.
Tekinoroji yefirimu rakatetepa inoitawo basa rakakosha mukushandiswa kwekupisa kwezuva. Nekuda kwekushomeka kwesimba rezuva pamusoro (inenge 1kW/m² masikati, vaunganidzi vanoda nzvimbo yakakura yekuunganidza simba rezuva. Chiyero chikuru chenzvimbo/ukobvu hwemafirimu ezuva ekupisa kwezuva chinoita kuti pave nemafirimu anogona kukwegura, izvo zvinokanganisa hupenyu hwemichina yekupisa kwezuva. Zvinodiwa zvikuru zvemafirimu ekupisa kwezuva zvakapetwa katatu: kushanda nesimba kwakanyanya, kurarama kwenguva refu uye kushaya mari yakawanda. Spectral selectivity inoshandiswa kuongorora kushanda nesimba kwemafirimu ekupisa kwezuva. Firimu rekupisa rezuva rakanaka rinofanira kunge rakanyatsopinda mumagetsi akasiyana-siyana uye kupisa kwakaderera. a/e coefficient inoshandiswa kuongorora spectral selectivity yefirimu, uko a inomirira solar absorptivity uye e inomirira thermal emissivity. Kushanda kwekupisa kwemafirimu akasiyana kunosiyana zvakanyanya. Mafirimu ekutanga anotora kupisa aive nejira dema pafoil yesimbi, iyo yakarasikirwa kusvika ku45 muzana yemwaranzi refu-wavelength yaibuda painotora kupisa uye ichidziya, zvichikonzera kukohwa simba rezuva kwe50 muzana chete. Kushanda kwemafirimu ekupisa kunogona kuvandudzwa zvakanyanya nekushandisa spectrally selective thin-film. Zvinhu zvakaita sesimbi yeplatinum, chromium, kana carbides uye nitrides yemamwe simbi anoshanduka. Mafirimu ePhotothermal anowanzo gadzirwa neCVD kana magnetron sputtering, uye kupisa kunogona kuderedzwa kusvika pa15 muzana yemafirimu ane collector efficiency inosvika 80 muzana. Mafirimu ecollector akanakisa ane spectrally selective coefficient yekunyudzwa kwemvura inodarika 0.98 mumabhendi makuru e solar spectrum (<3um), uye thermal radiation coefficient isingasviki 0.05 mu 500C thermal radiation band (>3um), uye akasimba muchimiro uye mashandiro pa500°C mumhepo ine mhepo.
–Chinyorwa ichi chakabudiswa namugadziri wemidziyo yekuputira vacuumGuangdong Zhenhua Technology.
Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-05-2023