He roa ake te hītori o ngā tono wera o te rā i tērā o ngā tono photovoltaic, i puta mai ngā whakamahana wai rā arumoni i te tau 1891 mā te mimiti o te rā, ka taea hoki te huri i te kaha mārama hei kaha wera i muri i te whakamahinga tika, te rokiroki rānei hei hiko mā te whakamahana i ngā whakaputa hiko e peia ana e te mamaoa. Ka taea te wehewehe i ngā tono wera o te rā ki ngā wāhanga e toru e ai ki te awhe pāmahana: ngā tono pāmahana iti (<100C), e whakamahia ana mō te whakamahana puna kaukau, te whakamahana hau whakapūmau, me ētahi atu, ngā tono pāmahana waenga (100 ~ 400C), e whakamahia ana mō te whakamahana wai wera o te whare me te whakamahana rūma, te whakamahana tukanga i roto i te ahumahi, me ētahi atu; ngā tono pāmahana teitei (>400C), e whakamahia ana mō te whakamahana ahumahi, te whakaputa hiko wera, me ētahi atu. I te whakatairanga i te pūnaha whakaputa hiko kohikohi, kua noho te ātete ki te pāmahana waenga me te tiketike me te rangahau rauemi photothermal ātete ki te taiao hei kaupapa matua.
He mea nui anō hoki te hangarau kiriata angiangi i roto i ngā tono wera o te rā. Nā te iti o te mātotoru o te pūngao o te rā i te mata (tata ki te 1kW/m² i te poutūtanga o te rā, me nui te wāhi e hiahiatia ana e ngā kaikohi hei kohi i te pūngao o te rā. Nā te nui o te ōwehenga horahanga/matotoru o ngā kiriata whakaahua wera o te rā ka puta he kiriata e ngawari ana ki te koroheke, ka pā ki te roa o te oranga o ngā taputapu whakaahua wera o te rā. E toru ngā whakaritenga matua mō ngā kiriata whakaahua wera o te rā: te pai o te pūngao, te roa o te oranga, me te ōhanga. Ka whakamahia te whiriwhiringa āwhata hei aromatawai i te pai o te pūngao o ngā kiriata whakaahua wera o te rā. Me tino pai te mimiti o te kiriata whakaahua wera pai ki runga i te whānuitanga o ngā roopu irahiko o te rā, me te iti o te tukunga wera. Ka whakamahia te tauwehenga a/e hei aromatawai i te whiriwhiringa āwhata o te kiriata, ko te a te tikanga mō te mimiti o te rā, ā, ko te e te tikanga mō te tukunga wera. He rerekē te mahi wera o ngā kiriata rerekē. Ko ngā kiriata mimiti wera o mua he paninga pango i runga i te pepa whakarewa, i ngaro ai te 45 ōrau o te irahiko roa-ngaru i tukuna i a ia e mimiti ana i te wera me te mahana, ā, ko te hua o te hauhaketanga pūngao o te rā he 50 ōrau noa iho. Ka taea te whakapai ake i te pai o ngā kiriata whakaahua wera mā te whakamahi i te kiriata angiangi whiriwhiringa āwhata. ngā rauemi pēnei i te konganuku konukawata, te chromium, ngā carbide me ngā nitride rānei o ētahi konganuku whakawhiti. Ko ngā kiriata photothermal ka hangaia mā te CVD, te magnetron sputtering rānei, ā, ka taea te whakaiti i te putanga wera ki te 15 ōrau noa iho mō ngā kiriata me te pai o te kaikohi tae atu ki te 80 ōrau. Ko ngā kiriata kaikohi whiriwhiri hihi pai rawa atu he tauwehenga mimiti neke atu i te 0.98 i roto i ngā roopu matua o te hihi o te rā (<3um), me te tauwehenga ira wera iti iho i te 0.05 i roto i te roopu ira wera 500C (>3um), ā, he pumau te hanganga me te mahi i te 500°C i roto i te āhuarangi hau.
–Nākaihanga taputapu paninga korehauHangarau Guangdong Zhenhua.
Wā tuku: Akuhata-05-2023