Uruhare rw'Imyambaro yo Gukata Ibikoresho - Igice cya 2

Nubwo haba hari ubushyuhe bwinshi cyane bwo gukata, igihe cyo gukoresha igikoresho cyo gukata gishobora kongerwa hamwe no gusiga, bityo bikagabanya cyane ikiguzi cyo gukora. Byongeye kandi, gusiga igikoresho cyo gukata bishobora kugabanya gukenera amavuta yo kwisiga. Ntabwo bigabanya gusa ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho, ahubwo binafasha mu kurengera ibidukikije.

Ingaruka zo gutunganya mbere na nyuma yo gusiga ku musaruro

Mu bikorwa byo gukata bigezweho, ibikoresho byo gukata bigomba kwihanganira umuvuduko mwinshi (>2 GPa), ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ibihe bidahinduka by'ubushyuhe. Mbere na nyuma yo gusiga irangi ku gikoresho cyo gukata, bigomba kuvugururwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bukwiye.

Mbere yo gukata irangi ry'ibikoresho, uburyo butandukanye bwo kubitegura mbere bushobora gukoreshwa mu gutegura inzira yo gusiga irangi ikurikiraho, mu gihe bunoza cyane uburyo irangi rifatana. Mu gukorana n'irangi, gutegura igikoresho bishobora kongera umuvuduko wo gukata n'umuvuduko wo kubigaburira, no kongera igihe cyo gukoresha igikoresho cyo gukata.

Gutunganya irangi nyuma yo gutunganya (gutegura impande, gutunganya ubuso no kubutunganya) nabyo bigira uruhare runini mu kunoza igikoresho cyo gukata, cyane cyane mu gukumira kwangirika kw'ibikoresho byo gukata hakiri kare bitewe no gukora chip (guhuza ibikoresho byo gukora n'inkombe y'igikoresho).

Ibitekerezo ku gusiga no guhitamo

Ibisabwa kugira ngo irangi rikore neza bishobora gutandukana cyane. Mu gihe cy'imashini zikora aho ubushyuhe buhanitse cyane, imiterere y'irangi idashyuha iba ingenzi cyane. Biteganijwe ko irangi rigezweho rigomba kugira imiterere ikurikira: imikorere myiza cyane mu bushyuhe bwinshi, kudakoresha ogisijeni, gukomera cyane (ndetse no mu bushyuhe bwinshi), no gukomera kwa mikorobe (plasticity) binyuze mu gushushanya imiterere y'ibice byubatswe mu buryo bwa nanostructured.

Ku bikoresho byo gukata neza, gufata neza irangi no gukwirakwiza neza imihangayiko isigaye ni ibintu bibiri by'ingenzi. Icya mbere, imikoranire hagati y'ibikoresho byo gusiga n'ibikoresho byo gusiga igomba kwitabwaho. Icya kabiri, hagomba kubaho isano rito rishoboka hagati y'ibikoresho byo gusiga n'ibikoresho bigomba gutunganywa. Amahirwe yo gufatana hagati y'irangi n'ibikoresho byo gukora ashobora kugabanuka cyane hakoreshejwe uburyo bukwiye bwo gusiga no gusiga irangi.

Irangi rikozwe muri aluminiyumu (urugero: AlTiN) rikunze gukoreshwa nk'irangi ry'ibikoresho byo gukata mu nganda zikata. Mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo gukata, izi rangi rikozwe muri aluminiyumu zishobora gukora urwego rworoshye kandi rwuzuye rwa aluminiyumu oxide ruhora rwivugurura mu gihe cyo gukora, rukarinda irangi n'ibikoresho biri munsi yaryo kwibasirwa na oxidative.

Imikorere y’ubukana n’ubudahangarwa bw’igitambaro ishobora guhindurwa hakoreshejwe guhindura ingano ya aluminiyumu n’imiterere yacyo. Urugero, binyuze mu kongera ingano ya aluminiyumu, hakoreshejwe nano-structures cyangwa micro-alloying (ni ukuvuga alloying hamwe n’ibintu bike), ubudahangarwa bw’igitambaro bushobora kunozwa.

Uretse imiterere y’ibinyabutabire mu bikoresho byo gusiga, impinduka mu miterere y’ibinyabutabire zishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere y’ibinyabutabire. Imikorere itandukanye y’ibikoresho byo gukata iterwa n’uko ibintu bitandukanye biri mu miterere mito y’ibinyabutabire bikwirakwira.

Muri iki gihe, urwego rumwe rwo gusiga rufite imiterere itandukanye y’ibinyabutabire rushobora guhuzwa mu rundi rwego rwo gusigamo ibintu byinshi kugira ngo haboneke umusaruro wifuzwa. Iyi nzira izakomeza gutera imbere mu gihe kizaza - cyane cyane binyuze mu buryo bushya bwo gusigamo ibintu n’uburyo bwo gusigamo ibintu, nka ikoranabuhanga rya HI3 (High Ionization Triple) arc evaporation na sputtering hybrid coating rihuza imikorere itatu yo gusigamo ibintu byinshi cyane muri kimwe.

Nk'igitambaro cyuzuye, igitambaro gishingiye kuri titaniyumu (TiSi) gitanga ubushobozi bwo gukora neza cyane. Ibi bitambaro bishobora gukoreshwa mu gutunganya ibyuma bikomeye bifite karubide zitandukanye (ubukana bw'ibanze kugeza kuri HRC 65) n'ibyuma bikomeye biciriritse (ubukana bw'ibanze HRC 40). Imiterere y'imiterere y'igitambaro ishobora guhuzwa hakurikijwe uburyo butandukanye bwo gukora. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibikoresho byo gukata bishingiye kuri titaniyumu bishobora gukoreshwa mu gukata no gutunganya ibikoresho bitandukanye by'imirimo kuva ku byuma bifite aloyi nyinshi, bifite aloyi nke kugeza ku byuma bikomeye na aloyi za titaniyumu. Ibizamini byo gukata cyane ku bikoresho by'imirimo bitambitse (ubukana bwa HRC 44) byagaragaje ko ibikoresho byo gukata bifite aloyi bishobora kongera igihe cyabyo cyo kubaho inshuro hafi ebyiri no kugabanya ubukana bw'ubuso inshuro zigera ku 10.

Irangi rishingiye kuri titaniyumu rigabanya irangi ryo ku buso rikurikiraho. Biteganijwe ko irangi nk'iryo rikoreshwa mu gutunganya ku muvuduko wo hejuru, ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko wo gukuraho ibyuma.

Ku zindi mpako za PVD (cyane cyane mpako zikozwe mu buryo bwa micro-alloyed), amasosiyete atunganya irangi nayo akorana bya hafi n'abatunganya irangi kugira ngo bakore ubushakashatsi kandi bategure ibisubizo bitandukanye byo gutunganya ubuso. Kubwibyo, kunoza cyane imikorere y'imashini, ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho byo gukata, ireme ry'imashini, n'imikoranire hagati y'ibikoresho, irangi n'imashini birashoboka, kandi birashoboka. Mu gukorana n'umufatanyabikorwa w'umwuga wo gusiga irangi, abakoresha bashobora kongera imikorere myiza y'ibikoresho byabo mu buzima bwabo bwose.

–Iyi nkuru yasohotse nauruganda rukora imashini zikora imashini zikoresha umwuka ushyushyeGuangdong Zhenhua