Ndetse no hejuru yubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane, gukoresha ubuzima bwigikoresho cyo gukata birashobora kongerwa hamwe no gutwikira, bityo bikagabanya cyane ibiciro byo gukora. Byongeye kandi, gukata ibikoresho byo gutwika birashobora kugabanya gukenera amavuta. Ntabwo igabanya ibiciro gusa, ahubwo ifasha no kurengera ibidukikije.
Ingaruka zo gutunganya mbere na nyuma yo gutwikira umusaruro
Mubikorwa bigezweho byo gukata, ibikoresho byo gukata bigomba kwihanganira umuvuduko mwinshi (> 2 GPa), ubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe nigihe cyizuba cyumuriro. Mbere na nyuma yo gutwikira igikoresho cyo gukata, bigomba kuvurwa hamwe nuburyo bukwiye.
Mbere yo gukata igikoresho, uburyo butandukanye bwo kwitegura bushobora gukoreshwa mugutegura inzira ikurikiraho, mugihe bitezimbere cyane gufatira hamwe. Mugukora ufatanije nigitambaro, gutegura igikoresho cyo guca ibikoresho birashobora kandi kongera umuvuduko wo kugabanya no kugaburira ibiryo, no kwagura ibikoresho byubuzima.
Ipitingi nyuma yo gutunganywa (gutegura impande, gutunganya ubuso no kuyitunganya) nayo igira uruhare runini mugutezimbere igikoresho cyo gutema, cyane cyane kugirango wirinde kwambara hakiri kare hakoreshejwe chip (guhuza ibikoresho byakazi kugeza kumutwe wigikoresho).
Gutekereza no guhitamo
Ibisabwa kubikorwa byo gutwikira birashobora kuba bitandukanye cyane. Mugihe cyo gutunganya aho ubushyuhe bwo kugabanuka buri hejuru, ibiranga kwambara biranga ubushyuhe biranga ingirakamaro. Biteganijwe ko impuzu zigezweho nazo zigomba kugira ibintu bikurikira: imikorere yubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane, kurwanya okiside, ubukana bwinshi (ndetse no mubushyuhe bwinshi), hamwe na microscopique ubukana (plastike) hifashishijwe igishushanyo mbonera cya nanostructures.
Kubikoresho byiza byo gukata neza, guhuza neza hamwe no gukwirakwiza impagarara zisigaye ni ibintu bibiri byingenzi. Ubwa mbere, imikoranire hagati yibikoresho byububiko hamwe nibikoresho byo gutwikira bigomba kwitabwaho. Icya kabiri, hagomba kubaho isano rito rishoboka hagati yikintu gitwikiriye nibikoresho bigomba gutunganywa. Amahirwe yo gufatana hagati yigitambaro nigikorwa cyakazi arashobora kugabanuka cyane ukoresheje igikoresho gikwiye cya geometrie no gusiga igifuniko.
Ibikoresho bya aluminiyumu (urugero: AlTiN) bikoreshwa cyane mugukata ibikoresho byo gutema. Mubikorwa byubushyuhe bwo hejuru, ibyo bikoresho bishingiye kuri aluminiyumu birashobora gukora urwego ruto kandi rwinshi rwa oxyde ya aluminiyumu ihora yivugurura mugihe cyo kuyitunganya, ikingira igifuniko hamwe nubutaka munsi yacyo kugirango itabaho.
Gukomera hamwe na okiside yo kurwanya imikorere ya coating irashobora guhinduka muguhindura ibirimo aluminium nuburyo bwo gutwikira. Kurugero, mukwongera ibirimo aluminiyumu, ukoresheje nano-imiterere cyangwa micro-alloying (ni ukuvuga, ivanze nibintu bike), kurwanya okiside ya coating irashobora kunozwa.
Usibye imiterere yimiti yibikoresho, impinduka muburyo bwo gutwikira zirashobora guhindura cyane imikorere yimyenda. Ibikoresho bitandukanye byo gukata biterwa no gukwirakwiza ibintu bitandukanye muri coating micro-structure.
Muri iki gihe, ibice byinshi bitwikiriye hamwe nibikoresho bitandukanye bya shimi birashobora guhurizwa hamwe kugirango bibe byifuzwa. Iyi myumvire izakomeza gutera imbere mugihe kizaza - cyane cyane binyuze muri sisitemu nshya yo gutwikira hamwe nuburyo bwo gutwikira, nka HI3 (High Ionisation Triple) arc ihumeka hamwe na tekinoroji ya tekinoroji ya Hybrid ihuza uburyo butatu bwo gutwikira cyane.
Nkigifuniko cyose, titanium-silicon ishingiye (TiSi) itanga imashini nziza. Iyi myenda irashobora gukoreshwa mugutunganya ibyuma byombi bikomeye hamwe nibintu bitandukanye bya karbide (gukomera kwa HRC 65) hamwe nicyuma giciriritse (gukomera kwa HRC 40). Igishushanyo mbonera cyimyenda irashobora guhuzwa ukurikije porogaramu zitandukanye. Nkigisubizo, ibikoresho bya titanium silicone bishingiye kubikoresho byo gukata birashobora gukoreshwa mugukata no gutunganya ibikoresho byinshi byakazi kuva kumashanyarazi menshi, avanze cyane kugeza kumashanyarazi akomeye hamwe na titanium. Ibizamini byo kurangiza cyane kurwego rwo hejuru (gukomera HRC 44) byerekanye ko ibikoresho byo gutema bifunze bishobora kongera ubuzima bwikubye hafi kabiri kandi bikagabanya ubukana bwubutaka inshuro 10.
Ipitingi ya titanium-silicon igabanya kugabanuka gukurikira. Bene ibyo byateganijwe bizakoreshwa mugutunganya hamwe n'umuvuduko mwinshi wo kugabanya, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe nigipimo kinini cyo gukuraho ibyuma.
Kubindi bikoresho bimwe bya PVD (cyane cyane micro-alloyed coatings), ibigo bitwikiriye nabyo birakorana cyane nababitunganya kugirango bakore ubushakashatsi kandi batezimbere ibisubizo bitandukanye byateguwe neza. Kubwibyo, iterambere ryibanze muburyo bwo gutunganya neza, gukata ibikoresho, gukoresha ubuziranenge, no guhuza ibikoresho, gutwikira no gutunganya birashoboka, kandi birashoboka. Mugukorana numufatanyabikorwa wumwuga, abakoresha barashobora kongera imikoreshereze yibikoresho byabo mubuzima bwabo bwose.
–Iyi ngingo yasohowe naimashini ikora imashiniGuangdong Zhenhua
Igihe cyoherejwe: Gashyantare-29-2024