Ko ngā pūnga hiko uku he wāhanga hiko e whakamahi ana i ngā rauemi uku hei irahiko whakawehe me te whakarewa hei penapena i te utu hiko. He whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā hiko kaihoko, ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, ngā hiko motuka, me ngā tono whakahaere ahumahi, e mahi ana i ngā mahi nui pēnei i te wetewete, te tātari, te honohono, te haruru, me te penapena pūngao.
Hei whakahohe i te rokiroki utu me te whakatū hononga hiko ki ngā ara iahiko o waho, he wāhanga nui ngā irahiko o te hanganga pūnga. Ka tohatohahia ngā irahiko whakarewa ki ngā taha e rua o te matū hiko uku, ka whakauruhia rānei ki ngā paparanga matū hiko i roto i ngā hanganga paparanga maha, ka hanga tahi i te hoahoa pūnga taketake. Ina pāngia he ngaohiko, ka kohikohi ngā utu hiko ki runga i ngā irahiko e rua, ā, ka honoa ki te ara iahiko o waho mā te hanganga irahiko.
1. He aha te take e piki tonu ai te utu o ngā hikohiko whakapiri hiriwa tuku iho mō ngā pūnga uku?
Ko te tukanga hanga hiko tuku iho mō ngā pūnga uku he tikanga tā me te tukanga tahu hiriwa. Ko te tikanga, ko te whakarite i te papa uku, te tā i te whakapiri hiriwa, te whakamaroke, te tahu pāmahana teitei, te tirotiro hiko, me te tukatuka i muri mai. Kua whakamahia whānuitia tēnei hangarau mō ngā tau maha, me ngā hanganga whakapiri hiriwa kua pakari, ngā hangarau tā mata, ngā tukanga tā, me ngā pūnaha tahu. Kua tino whakapumautia ōna taputapu whakaputa me ōna hanganga tautoko, he iti noa te arai ki te whakatinanatanga raina whakaputa me te pai o te urutau ki ngā hua me ngā whakatakotoranga rerekē.
I taua wā anō, ka whakamahia e te whakapiri hiriwa te paura hiriwa hei wāhanga matua mō te kawe hiko, ā, ka hangaia te hiko mā te tukanga kiriata matotoru. Nō reira, he matotoru te paparanga hiriwa, ā, he nui te whakamahinga hiriwa mō ia wae hua.
I te wā i iti ai ngā utu hiriwa, kāore i tino nui te pānga o te utu e pā ana ki te nui o te whakamahinga hiriwa. Heoi, i te mea kei te piki haere tonu ngā utu hiriwa i roto i te wā roa, kua tino kitea tēnei hanganga utu. I runga i ngā utu hiriwa toharite ā-tau i hurihia ki te RMB, ko te utu o te hiriwa he tata ki te RMB 1.9/karamu i te tau 2005, ki te whakataurite ki te tata ki te RMB 9.2/karamu i te tau 2025, he pikinga tata ki te 4.8 ngā wā i roto i te 20 tau.
Mō ngā kaihanga pūnga uku nui, ka nui haere te pānga o te pikinga o ngā utu hiriwa i te tipu haere o ngā rahinga whakaputa. Ko te nui o te whakamahinga hiriwa mō ia waeine, ka whakareatia ki ngā rahinga whakaputanga ā-tau o te miriona, tekau miriona, neke atu rānei, ka taea te huri hei utu nui mō ngā rauemi katoa. Ina noho tonu ngā utu hiriwa ki ngā taumata teitei, ka pāngia te tukanga hiko whakapiri hiriwa tuku iho me te mea kua roa e tū ana e te pēhanga nui mai i ngā utu o te konganuku utu nui.
I runga i tēnei āhuatanga, ko te whakaiti i te whakamahinga hiriwa me te whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā konganuku utu nui me ō rātou piki me ngā heke o te utu kua noho hei whakaaro nui mā ngā kaihanga pūnga uku.
2. Te Huarahi Whakaiti Utu a Zhenhua Vacuum: Mai i te "Whakakapi Parahi i te Hiriwa" ki te Hanga Papatipu Tonu
Hei whakautu i te nui o te whakamahinga o ngā konganuku utu nui, ngā mahi tukanga maha, me te pānga ki ngā piki me ngā heke o te utu hiriwa e pā ana ki ngā irahiko whakapiri hiriwa tuku iho, kua tūhuratia e Zhenhua Vacuum te ara hangarau "whakakapi parahi hiriwa" e ahu mai ana i te magnetron sputtering mō ngā irahiko pūnga uku, ā, kua whai i te whakaiti utu mā te arotautanga tukanga me te whakakapinga rauemi.
Engari i te whakawhirinaki ki te hanga hiko hiriwa tuku iho, ka whakamahia e Zhenhua Vacuum te hangarau magnetron sputtering. Hei tukanga whakatakotoranga kohu ā-tinana (PVD), ka whakatakotoranga tika te magnetron sputtering i ngā rauemi konganuku ki runga i te mata o te papa uku i roto i te taiao korehau hei hanga i te kiriata hiko.
Ki te whakatauritea ki te tānga mata whakapiri hiriwa tuku iho, ka whakakorehia e tēnei tukanga ētahi mahi tuku iho, tae atu ki te whakarite whakapiri hiriwa, te tā, te whakamaroke, me te tahu i te pāmahana teitei, ā, ka whakapotohia te mekameka tukanga whānui, ka whakaitihia hoki te whakahaere waenga me ngā mahi ā-ringa. Nā te mea kāore e hiahiatia he whakapiri hiriwa me ōna here me ngā kaikawe waro e pā ana, ka taea hoki e te tukanga te whakaiti i ngā tukunga waro me ngā para tukanga e pā ana ki te hanga hiko e hangai ana ki te whakapiri, ka nui ake te kaha mō te whakaputa ma me te aunoa ake.
Mai i te tirohanga rauemi, ka whakamahia te parahi hei rauemi kawe hiko matua hei whakakapi i te hiriwa. He pai te kawe hiko o te parahi, engari he iti ake te utu o ngā rauemi i te hiriwa. Mā tēnei ka taea te whakaiti nui i te whakamahinga o te konganuku utu nui i te taumata rauemi. Mō te whakaputanga nui, ka taea e taua whakakapinga rauemi te whakaiti i ngā utu rauemi hiko me te whakaiti i te pānga o ngā piki me ngā heke o te utu hiriwa ki ngā utu hanga katoa.
Heoi, ko te whakakapi i te hiriwa ki te parahi ehara i te mea ko te whakawhiti noa i tētahi rauemi hiko ki tētahi atu. He ngāwari te parahi ki te waikura i ngā pāmahana teitei, ā, ko ngā tukanga tā me te tahu parahi tuku iho me whakahaere kaha i te hanganga whakapiri, te āhuarangi tahu, me te matapihi tukanga. He rerekē, mā te whakamahi i te Magnetron sputtering ka taea te whakatakoto tika i ngā kiriata parahi ki roto i te taiao korehau. Mā te hoahoa o ngā paparanga piri, ngā paparanga kawe hiko, me ētahi atu puranga kiriata mahi, ka taea e te tukanga te whakapai ake i te piri o te kiriata, te kiato, me te mahi hiko, ka whakarato i tētahi huarahi tukanga rerekē mō te whakatinanatanga ahumahi o te "whakakapi parahi i te hiriwa."
2.1 Mai i te Whakawhanaketanga Tukanga ki te Hanga Papatipu: Te Raina Hanga Magnetron Sputtering Takirua-Taha a Zhenhua Vacuum
Ka taea e te Magnetron sputtering te whakarato i tētahi ara hangarau mō te "whakakapi i te hiriwa ki te parahi," engari mō te hanga pūnga uku nui-rahi, kāore e ranea te whakaputa tauira pania anake. Ko te wero matua ko te whakatutuki i te hanga papatipu roa, pumau, me te haere tonu.
Hei whakatutuki i tēnei whakaritenga, kua whakawhanakehia e Zhenhua Vacuum tētahi raina whakaputa magnetron sputtering taha-rua mō ngā irahiko pūnga uku, e whakauru ana i te hangarau paninga korehau me te whakaputa aunoa. Whai muri i te urunga ki te raina whakaputa, ka whakawhitia tonutia ngā hua i waenga i ngā rūma tukanga rerekē, ā, ka whakatakotoria ngā kiriata irahiko ki ngā taha e rua i roto i te pūnaha whakaputa kotahi. Mā tēnei ka whakaitihia te hiahia mō te huri ā-ringa, te uta me te tango i ngā mea, me te whakahaere waenga i waenga i ngā tukanga.
Ka whakamahia e te taputapu tētahi whirihoranga raina whakaputa tonu, e āhei ai ngā paparanga kiriata rerekē, tae atu ki ngā paparanga piri, whakawhiti rānei me ngā paparanga kawe hiko, kia whakatakotoria ki roto i te pūnaha whakauru kotahi. Mā te whakawhiti rauemi aunoa, te whakahaere tika i ngā tawhā tukanga, me te whakahaere i ngā takahanga whakaputa, ka whakapai ake te pūnaha i te ōritetanga o te matotoru kiriata me te pumau o te tukanga i te wā o te whakaputanga nui.
Kua roa hoki te manatoko i tēnei ara tukanga i roto i te hanga papatipu. I te tau 2012, i tukuna e Zhenhua Vacuum tētahi raina whakaputa magnetron sputtering rua-taha tonu mō ngā irahiko pūnga uku ki tētahi kiritaki. Tae noa ki te tau 2026, kua noho tonu te raina whakaputa i roto i te hanga papatipu pumau mō ngā tau 14, e whakarato ana i te manatoko roa o te pono o ngā taputapu, te ōritetanga o te paninga rua-taha, me te whaihua o te hanga papatipu o te tukanga "whakakapi parahi hiriwa" e ahu mai ana i te magnetron sputtering.
Ko te whakawhiti mai i ngā irahiko whakapiri hiriwa tuku iho ki te "whakakapi parahi hiriwa" e ahu mai ana i te magnetron sputtering ehara i te mea he whakakapinga rauemi noa iho. He tohu tēnei i te arotautanga kua whakaritea o ngā rauemi, ngā tukanga whakatakotoranga, me ngā tikanga whakaputa. Mā te hangarau magnetron sputtering me te raina whakaputa tonu taha-rua, kua haria e Zhenhua Vacuum te ariā "whakakapi parahi hiriwa" ki tua atu i te otinga hangarau ki te whakaputa papatipu pumau, tonu.
Mō te hanga pūnga uku nui-rahi, ka taea anake te tino whakatutuki i te uara ōhanga o te "parahi hei whakakapi i te hiriwa" ina whakaitihia ngā utu rauemi, ina whakahaeretia te tukanga hanga, ā, ina tutukihia te pumau whakaputa mō te wā roa i te wā kotahi.
-Nākaihanga taputapu paninga korehau Zhenhua Vacuum
Wā tuku: Hepetema-23-2026