Ko te hangarau whakatakotoranga āwhina hihi katote ko te hangarau werohanga hihi katote me te paninga whakatakotoranga mamaoa i honoa ki te hangarau tukatuka hiato mata katote. I roto i te tukanga whakarerekētanga mata o ngā rauemi werohanga katote, ahakoa he rauemi haurua-ira, he rauemi hangarau rānei, he mea...
I ngā tau tata nei, kua kitea ngā ahunga whakamua me ngā putanga hou i roto i te ao o te hangarau paninga korehau. Ka taea tēnei nā te kaha tonu o te whakamātautau me te rangahau. I roto i ngā mīhini maha e whakamahia ana i tēnei ao, ko ngā mīhini paninga korehau whakamātautau he taputapu matua mō te whakatutuki...
Ko te hangarau CVD e hangai ana ki te tauhohenga matū. Ko te tauhohenga kei roto ngā matū tauhohenga i te āhua hau, ā, kei roto tetahi o ngā hua i te āhua totoka ka kiia ko te tauhohenga CVD, nō reira me tutuki i tana pūnaha tauhohenga matū ngā tikanga e toru e whai ake nei. (1) I te pāmahana whakatakotoranga...
I tēnei ao tere o ēnei rā, kua noho hei wāhanga nui o ō tātou oranga ngā mōhiti. Kua whanake haere ēnei taputapu ngāwari mai i te mea e hiahiatia ana ki te āhua o te ahua. Heoi, he tokomaha te hunga kāore i te mōhio ki te tukanga uaua e hiahiatia ana hei hanga i tētahi takirua karaihe mōhiti tino pai. He mea tēnei...
I roto i te hangarau kimi whatu koiora mā te whakamahi i te tātaritanga hiranga, e toru ngā tikanga tātaritanga māngai: te ine whakaahua UV-kitea (te tae whakaahua-hiko), te tātaritanga fluorescence, te tātaritanga raman, ia, hei whakatutuki i ngā taumata rerekē o te kimi kiko koiora, te tātaritanga hiranga...
Ko te whakaahuatanga o te kiriata angiangi whatu kei roto ko te whakaahuatanga o ngā āhuatanga whatu, ngā tawhā whatu me ngā āhuatanga kore-whatu, ko ngā āhuatanga whatu e pā ana ki te whakaata ā-ira, te whakawhiti me te ngaronga whatu (ngaronga mimiti me te ngaronga whakaata) o te whatu...
Kua kite te umanga waea pūkoro i te tipu tere me te ahunga whakamua i ngā tau tata nei. I te mea e whakawhirinaki ana te miriona o te tangata huri noa i te ao ki ngā taputapu waea pūkoro mō te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, te whakangahau me te maha o ngā mahi o ia rā, kua piki ake te hiahia mō ngā hangarau hou. Ko te whakauru i te waea pūkoro...
I tēnei wā o te hangarau matatau me te whanaketanga tonu o te ahumahi, kua noho te hangarau mīhini paninga korehau hei hangarau rongonui mō ngā momo tono. Nā tēnei huarahi hou kua hurihia ngā mara maha, tae atu ki ngā hikohiko, ngā motuka, ngā rererangi, me ētahi atu. Mā te whakakotahi i ngā...
Nā ngā whanaketanga hou o ngā taputapu paninga hiriwa konumohe kua whakaurua mai ētahi āhuatanga auaha. Hei tauira, kei ētahi tauira he pūnaha aroturuki kua hangaia hei tātari tonu i te tukanga paninga kia pai ai te mahi me te ōritetanga. Mā tēnei raraunga wā-tūturu ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te hanga...
Ko ngā mīhini paninga korehau mō ngā taputapu mataaratanga he taputapu hou kua hangaia hei pani i tētahi paparanga tiaki angiangi ki te mata o ngā wāhanga mataaratanga. Ka whakamahia e ēnei mīhini te hangarau korehau matatau hei whakarite i tētahi paninga ōrite me te pono, ā, mā reira ka whakarei ake i te ātete o te mataaratanga ki ngā karawarawa, te waikura...
Ko ngā mīhini whakatakoto waikura, e mōhiotia ana ko ngā pūnaha pupuhi waikura, he taputapu tino motuhake e whakamahia ana i roto i te tukanga whakatakoto kiriata angiangi. Ka mahi i runga i te kaupapa o te pupuhi waikura, arā, ko te pupuhi i tētahi rauemi ūnga ki ngā katote kaha-teitei, ki ngā ngota rānei. Ka tukuna e te tukanga he awa o ngā ngota mai i ...
I ngā tau tata nei, kua piki haere te rongonui o te paninga whakapaipai PVD i waenga i ngā kaiwhaiwhai ahua o te ao katoa. Ko tēnei hangarau auaha ko te whakatakoto i tētahi paparanga angiangi o te rauemi pakari ki runga i te mata o ngā whakapaipai, hei whakarei ake i tōna pakari me tōna ataahua. E mōhiotia ana mō ōna āhuatanga tino pai, ko te paninga PVD...
Mīhini paninga korehau katote maha-āwhata He mea whakamiharo hangarau hou te mīhini paninga korehau katote maha-āwhata kua kukume i te aro o te maha o ngā ahumahi. Ko tōna kaha ki te whakarato paninga tino pakari me te mahi teitei ki runga i ngā momo rauemi ka huri i te kēmu i roto i te tangata...
Ka whakamahia e te mīhini paninga korehau mimiti ātete ngā tikanga matatau hei hanga paninga kiriata angiangi ki runga i te whānuitanga o ngā rauemi. He rerekē ki ngā tikanga paninga tuku iho, ka whakamahia e tēnei mīhini matatau te whakamahana ātete mā te pūtake mimiti hei huri i ngā rauemi totoka hei wai mimiti...
Ko te tukanga paninga korehau tae ko te whakatakoto i tētahi paparanga angiangi o ngā rauemi tae ki runga i te mata o tētahi mea. Ka tutuki tēnei mā roto i tētahi rūma korehau, ka whakanohoia ngā mea ki roto, ka tukuna ki ngā tauhohenga matū rerekē. Ko te hua he paninga tae ōrite, pakari hoki e whakarei ake ana...