Ezindabeni zakamuva, ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu bemishini yokuhlanza i-plasma bube yizihloko zezindaba. Lawa madivayisi amasha ashintshe ukuhlanza ubuso, enikeza izixazululo zezimboni eziningi ezihlanganisa ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, izinto zikagesi kanye nokukhiqiza. Namuhla, sizohlola izimiso ezingemuva kwabahlanzi be-plasma, sithole ukuthi yini eyenza babe ngamathuluzi okuhlanza ubuso asebenza kahle kangaka, nokuthi kungani bedonsela ukunaka emhlabeni jikelele.
Izimiso ezisekelwe kubahlanzi be-plasma zisekelwe kwisayensi ye-plasma, isimo sezinto esihlukile ezintweni eziqinile, uketshezi, namagesi. I-plasma ivame ukuchazwa njengesimo sesine sezinto esingakhiqizwa ngokunikeza amandla kugesi ukuze i-ionise. Le gesi ene-ion ibizwa ngokuthi i-plasma futhi yakhiwe yizinhlayiya ezishajiwe, ama-electron amahhala, kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene zesimo esijabulisayo.
Manje, ake sibheke kabanzi ukuthi izihlanzi ze-plasma zisebenza kanjani nokuthi zisebenzisa kanjani amandla e-plasma ukuhlanza nokuhlanza izindawo. Ukuhlanzwa kwe-plasma kuncike ezindleleni ezimbili eziyinhloko: ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kanye nokuqhuma ngokomzimba.
Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kwenzeka lapho i-plasma ihlangana nendawo ezohlanzwa. Izinhlobo ezisebenzayo ngaphakathi kwe-plasma ziyasebenzisana nezinto ezingcolisayo, ziphule izibopho zazo zamakhemikhali futhi ziguqule zibe imikhiqizo engeyona ingozi. Le nqubo iphumelela kakhulu ekususeni izinto eziphilayo ezifana namagciwane, amagciwane, nezinye izinhlobo zezinto ezingcolisayo, okwenza abahlanzi be-plasma babe ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu kwezinjongo zokuhlanzeka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlela zokuqhuma kwamabhomu ezingokoqobo zihilela ama-ion anamandla aphezulu kanye nama-electron aqhuma ezindaweni. Lezi zinhlayiya zinamandla anele okususa ngisho nezinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu ezinamathele ezindaweni. Lesi senzo sisusa udoti, uthuli, nezinye izinto ezingafuneki okuvame ukuba nzima ukuzisusa kusetshenziswa izindlela zokuhlanza zendabuko.
Izihlanzi ze-plasma zinikeza izinzuzo eziningana kunobuchwepheshe bokuhlanza bendabuko. Okokuqala, azidingi ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali anamandla, okwenza zibe nobungane emvelweni futhi ziphephe kubantu abasebenzisa imishini. Okwesibili, imishini yokuhlanza i-plasma isebenza kahle kakhulu ngoba i-plasma ingafinyelela ngisho nasezindaweni ezincane kakhulu neziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, okuqinisekisa ukuhlanzwa okuphelele. Okokugcina, izihlanzi ze-plasma zisusa ukungcola okuningi, zinciphise ingozi yokungcoliswa okuhlukahlukene futhi ziqinisekise ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu kanye nokuhlanzeka.
Izicelo zabahlanzi be-plasma ziyahlukahluka futhi zihlanganisa izimboni eziningi. Kwezokunakekelwa kwempilo, la madivayisi asetshenziselwa ukubulala amagciwane amathuluzi ezokwelapha, imishini ngisho nokufakelwa kokuhlinzwa. Imishini yokuhlanza i-plasma iqinisekisa izinga eliphezulu lokuhlanzeka ezindaweni ezibucayi, inciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka futhi ithuthukise ukuphepha kwesiguli sonke.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izihlanzi ze-plasma zisetshenziswa kabanzi embonini ye-elekthronikhi. Amasekethe ahlanganisiwe, ama-wafer e-silicon nezinye izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi zidinga ukuhlanzeka okuphelele ukuze kusebenze kahle kakhulu. Izihlanzi ze-plasma zinikeza indlela engonakalisi futhi ephumelelayo yokususa izinhlayiya ezingafuneki kanye nezinsalela zezinto eziphilayo kulezi zindawo ezibucayi, okuthuthukisa ikhwalithi nokuthembeka kwamadivayisi kagesi.
Ekuphetheni, izimiso ezisekelwe kubahlanzi be-plasma zithathwe kwisayensi ye-plasma kanye nezakhiwo zayo eziphawulekayo. Ukuhlanganiswa kokusabela kwamakhemikhali kanye nokuqhuma ngokomzimba kuvumela lawa madivayisi ukuthi afinyelele ekuhlanzweni nasekuhlanzweni kwendawo okungenakuqhathaniswa. Ngezinhlelo zawo eziningi zokusebenza kanye nezinzuzo eziningi, imishini yokuhlanza i-plasma iyaqhubeka nokuba phambili kobuchwepheshe besimanje bokuhlanza indawo. Njengoba umhlaba uqaphela ukubaluleka kokuhlanzeka nokuhlanzeka, imishini yokuhlanza i-plasma ihlelwe ukuthi idlale indima ebalulekile ezimbonini eziningi, ivikele impilo yethu futhi ithuthukise ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo nezinsizakalo esithembele kuzo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-25-2023