Ifilimu ngokwayo ikhombisa noma imunca ukukhanya kwezehlakalo ngokukhetha, futhi umbala wayo uwumphumela wezakhiwo ezibonakalayo zefilimu. Umbala wamafilimu amancane ukhiqizwa ukukhanya okubonakalayo, ngakho-ke izici ezimbili zidinga ukucatshangelwa, okungumbala wangaphakathi okhiqizwa izici zokumunca zezinto zefilimu ezincane ezingabonisi lutho ze-spectrum yokukhanya okubonakalayo, kanye nombala wokuphazamiseka okhiqizwa ukubonakaliswa okuningi kwezinto zefilimu ezincane ezisobala noma ezimunca kancane.
1. Umbala wangaphakathi
Izici zokumunca zezinto zefilimu encane ezingacacile ziye ku-spectrum yokukhanya ebonakalayo ziholela ekubonakaleni kwemibala yangaphakathi, futhi inqubo ebaluleke kakhulu ukuguquka kwamandla e-photon amuncwa ama-electron. Ngezinto eziqhuba ugesi, ama-electron amunca amandla e-photon ku-valence band egcwaliswe kancane ukuze ashintshele esimweni samandla aphezulu angagcwalisiwe ngaphezu kwezinga le-Fermi, elibizwa ngokuthi i-in band transition. Kwama-semiconductor noma izinto zokufaka ugesi, kukhona igebe lamandla phakathi kwe-valence band kanye ne-conduction band. Ama-electron kuphela anamandla amuncwa amakhulu kunobubanzi begebe lamandla angawela igebe futhi ashintshele kusuka ku-valence band kuya ku-conduction band, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-interband transition. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo loshintsho, luzobangela ukungahambisani phakathi kokukhanya okubonakalayo nokukhanya okumuncwayo, okubangela ukuthi izinto zibonise umbala wazo wangaphakathi. Izinto ezinobubanzi be-bandgap obukhulu kunomkhawulo we-ultraviolet obonakalayo, njengalezo ezingaphezu kuka-3.5eV, zibonakala emehlweni omuntu. Ububanzi be-bandgap bezinto ze-bandgap ezincane bungaphansi komkhawulo we-infrared we-spectrum ebonakalayo, futhi uma bungaphansi kuka-1.7eV, bubonakala bumnyama. Izinto ezine-bandwidth endaweni ephakathi zingabonisa imibala ephawulekayo. Ukushintshashintsha kwe-doping kungabangela ukuguquka kwe-interband ezintweni ezinezikhala zamandla ezibanzi. Izinto zokushintshashintsha kwe-doping zakha izinga lamandla phakathi kwezikhala zamandla, zihlukanise zibe izikhawu ezimbili ezincane zamandla. Ama-electron amunca amandla aphansi nawo angase adlule ekushintsheni, okuholela ekutheni izinto ezibonakalayo zokuqala ziveze umbala.
1. Umbala wokuphazamiseka
Izinto zefilimu encane esobala noma ezimunca kancane zibonisa imibala yokuphazamiseka ngenxa yokukhanya okuningi. Ukuphazamiseka ukushintsha kwe-amplitude okwenzeka ngemva kokufakwa kwamagagasi. Empilweni, uma kukhona ifilimu yamafutha ebusweni bechibi lamanzi, kungabonakala ukuthi ifilimu yamafutha iveza i-Iridescence, okuwumbala okhiqizwa ukuphazamiseka okuvamile kwefilimu. Ukufaka ungqimba oluncane lwefilimu ye-oxide ecacile ku-substrate yensimbi kungathola imibala eminingi emisha ngokuphazamiseka. Uma ubude obulodwa bokukhanya buvela emkhathini bungena ebusweni bengqimba ecacile, ingxenye yalo ibonakala ebusweni befilimu encane bese ibuyela ngqo emkhathini; Enye ingxenye idlula ekukhanyeni ngefilimu ecacile futhi ibonakale esibonakalayo se-substrate yefilimu. Bese uqhubeka nokudlulisa ifilimu ecacile kanye ne-refract esibonakalayo phakathi kwefilimu nomoya ngaphambi kokubuyela emkhathini. Lokhu kokubili kuzoholela ekwehlukeni kwendlela yokukhanya kanye nokuphazamiseka okubekwe phezulu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-30-2023