Ifilimu ngokwayo ibonakalisa okanye ifunxa ukukhanya okwenzekileyo ngokukhetha, kwaye umbala wayo ngumphumo weempawu ezibonakalayo zefilimu. Umbala weefilimu ezibhityileyo uveliswa kukukhanya okubonisiweyo, ngoko ke kufuneka kuqwalaselwe iinkalo ezimbini, ezizezi: umbala ongaphakathi oveliswa ziimpawu zokufunxa zezinto zefilimu ezibhityileyo ezingacacanga ze-spectrum yokukhanya okubonakalayo, kunye nombala wokuphazamiseka oveliswa zizibonakaliso ezininzi zezinto zefilimu ezibhityileyo ezibonakala ngokucacileyo okanye ezifunxa kancinci.
1. Umbala ongaphakathi
Iimpawu zokufunxa zezinto zefilimu ezibhityileyo ezingacacanga ukuya kwi-spectrum yokukhanya ebonakalayo zikhokelela ekubonakaleni kwemibala yangaphakathi, kwaye eyona nkqubo ibalulekileyo kukutshintsha kwamandla e-photon afunxwa zii-electron. Kwizinto eziqhuba umbane, ii-electron zifunxa amandla e-photon kwi-valence band ezaliswe kancinci ukuya kwi-transition ukuya kwimeko yamandla aphezulu angazaliswanga ngaphezulu kwenqanaba le-Fermi, ebizwa ngokuba yi-in band transition. Kwi-semiconductors okanye kwi-insulating materials, kukho umsantsa wamandla phakathi kwe-valence band kunye ne-conduction band. Kuphela zii-electron ezinamandla afunxwayo amakhulu kunobubanzi bomsantsa wamandla ezinokuwela umsantsa kwaye zitshintshe ukusuka kwi-valence band ukuya kwi-conduction band, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-interband transition. Nokuba loluphi uhlobo lotshintsho, luya kubangela ukungangqinelani phakathi kokukhanya okubonisiweyo kunye nokukhanya okufunxwayo, okubangela ukuba izinto zibonise umbala wazo wangaphakathi. Izinto ezinobubanzi be-bandgap obukhulu kunomda we-ultraviolet obonakalayo, njengezo zingaphezulu kwe-3.5eV, ziyabonakala emehlweni omntu. Ububanzi be-bandgap bezinto ezimxinwa ze-bandgap bungaphantsi komda we-infrared we-spectrum ebonakalayo, kwaye ukuba ingaphantsi kwe-1.7eV, ibonakala imnyama. Izinto ezine-bandwidths kwindawo ephakathi zinokubonisa imibala ecacileyo. Ukutshintshatshintsha kwezinto kunokubangela utshintsho phakathi kwezinto ezinezikhewu zamandla ezibanzi. Izinto ezitshintsha izinto zenza inqanaba lamandla phakathi kwezikhewu zamandla, zize zahlule zibe zizithuba ezimbini ezincinci zamandla. Ii-electron ezifunxa amandla aphantsi nazo zinokutshintsha, nto leyo ebangela ukuba izinto zokuqala ezicacileyo zibonise umbala.
1. Umbala wokuphazamiseka
Izinto zefilimu ezibhityileyo ezicacileyo okanye ezifunxa kancinci zibonisa imibala yokuphazamiseka ngenxa yokukhanya kwazo okuninzi. Ukuphazamiseka kukutshintsha kwe-amplitude okwenzeka emva kokubekwa kwamaza. Ebomini, ukuba kukho ifilimu yeoyile kumphezulu wedama lamanzi, kunokubonwa ukuba ifilimu yeoyile iveza i-Iridescence, engumbala oveliswa kukuphazamiseka kwefilimu eqhelekileyo. Ukubeka umaleko omncinci wefilimu ye-oxide ebonakalayo kwi-substrate yesinyithi kunokufumana imibala emininzi emitsha ngokuphazamiseka. Ukuba ubude bokukhanya obunye buvela emoyeni busiya kumphezulu womaleko ocacileyo, inxalenye yalo ibonakala kumphezulu wefilimu ebhityileyo kwaye ibuyela ngqo emoyeni; Elinye icala liyajika ngefilimu ecacileyo kwaye libonakala kwi-interface ye-substrate yefilimu. Emva koko qhubeka udlulisa ifilimu ecacileyo kunye ne-refract kwi-interface phakathi kwefilimu nomoya ngaphambi kokuba ubuyele emoyeni. Ezi zimbini ziya kubangela umahluko kwindlela yokukhanya kunye nokuphazamiseka okuphezulu.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Juni-30-2023