Ifilimu ngokwayo ikhetha ngokukhetha noma imunca ukukhanya kwesigameko, futhi umbala wayo uwumphumela wezinto ezibonakalayo zefilimu. Umbala wamafilimu amancanyana ukhiqizwa ukukhanya okuveziwe, ngakho izici ezimbili zidinga ukucatshangelwa, okuwukuthi umbala wangaphakathi okhiqizwa izici zokumunca ezingabonisi ngale zezinto zefilimu ezizacile zokubona ukukhanya okubonakalayo, kanye nombala othikamezo okhiqizwa ukuboniswa okuningi kwezinto zefilimu ezibonisa ngale noma ezimunca kancane.
1.Umbala wangaphakathi
Izici zokumuncwa zezinto zefilimu ezacile ezikhanyayo eziya ku-spectrum yokukhanya okubonakalayo ziholela ekubukekeni kwemibala engaphakathi, futhi inqubo ebaluleke kakhulu ukuguquka kwamandla e-photon amuncwa ama-electron. Ngosizo lwe-conductive, ama-electron amunca amandla e-photon kubhendi ye-valence egcwele kancane ukuya kusimo samandla aphezulu esingagcwalisiwe ngaphezu kwezinga le-Fermi, esibizwa ngokuthi i-in band transition. Kuma-semiconductors noma izinto zokuvikela, kukhona igebe lamandla phakathi kwebhendi ye-valence nebhendi yokuqhuba. Ama-electron kuphela anamandla amunca amakhulu kunobubanzi begebe lamandla angawela igebe futhi ashintshe ukusuka ebhendini ye-valence ukuya ebhendini yokuqhuba, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-interband transition. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni loshintsho, luzodala ukungqubuzana phakathi kokukhanya okuveziweyo nokukhanya okumuncwe, okubangela okokusebenza ukuthi kubonise umbala wako wangaphakathi. Izinto ezinobubanzi be-bandgap obukhulu kunomkhawulo obonakalayo we-ultraviolet, njengalezo ezinkulu kuno-3.5eV, zisobala esweni lomuntu. Ububanzi be-bandgap bezinto ze-bandgap emincane bungaphansi komkhawulo we-infrared we-spectrum ebonakalayo, futhi uma ingaphansi kuka-1.7eV, ibonakala imnyama. Izinto ezinomkhawulokudonsa endaweni emaphakathi zingabonisa imibala yesici. I-Doping ingabangela ukushintsha kwe-interband ezintweni ezinezikhala zamandla abanzi. Izakhi ze-Doping zidala ileveli yamandla phakathi kwezikhala zamandla, ziwahlukanise abe izikhawu ezimbili ezincane zamandla. Ama-electron amunca amandla aphansi angase abe noshintsho, okuholela kumbala owethulayo obonisa ngale.
1.Umbala wokuphazamiseka
Izinto zefilimu ezizacile ezibonisa ngale noma ezimunca kancane zibonisa imibala yeziphazamiso ngenxa yokukhanya kwazo okuningi. Ukuphazanyiswa wushintsho ku-amplitude olwenzeka ngemva kokuphakama kwamagagasi. Empilweni, uma kukhona ifilimu yamafutha ebusweni be-puddle yamanzi, kungabonwa ukuthi ifilimu yamafutha iveza i-Iridescence, okuwumbala okhiqizwa ukuphazamiseka kwefilimu okuvamile. Ukufaka ungqimba oluncane lwefilimu ye-oxide ekhanyelayo ku-substrate yensimbi kungathola imibala eminingi yamanoveli ngokuphazanyiswa. Uma i-wavelength eyodwa yokukhanya yenzeka ukusuka emkhathini kuya phezulu kwesendlalelo esikhanyelayo, ingxenye yakhona ibonakala ebusweni befilimu encane futhi ibuyela ngqo emkhathini; Enye ingxenye iphinda iphindwe ngefilimu ebonisa ngale futhi ibonakale kusixhumi esibonakalayo sefilimu engaphansi. Bese uqhubeka nokudlulisa ifilimu ebonisa ngale futhi uphinde uguqule ukuxhumana phakathi kwefilimu nomkhathi ngaphambi kokubuyela emkhathini. Okubili kuzoholela ekuhlukeni kwendlela ye-optical kanye nokuphazamiseka okukhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-30-2023