Ifilimu ngokwayo ngokukhethayo ibonakalisa okanye ifunxa ukukhanya kwesiganeko, kwaye umbala wayo usisiphumo seempawu zokukhanya zefilimu. Umbala weefilimu ezicekethekileyo uveliswa kukukhanya okubonakalisiweyo, ngoko ke imiba emibini kufuneka iqwalaselwe, eyile, umbala ongaphakathi oveliswa ziimpawu zokufunxwa kwezixhobo zefilim ecwengileyo ezingacacanga kukukhanya okubonakalayo kokukhanya, kunye nombala wokuphazamiseka oveliswa kukubonakaliswa okuninzi kwezixhobo zefilimu ezicacileyo okanye ezifunxa kancinci.
1.Umbala wangaphakathi
Iimpawu zokufunxa zezixhobo zefilimu ezicwebileyo kwi-spectrum yokukhanya ebonakalayo zikhokelela ekubonakaleni kwemibala yangaphakathi, kwaye eyona nkqubo ibalulekileyo yinguqulelo yamandla efoton afunxwa zii-electron. Kwiimathiriyeli zokuqhuba, ii-electron zifunxa amandla ephoton kwibhendi yevalence ezaliswe ngokuyinxenye ukuya kwimo engagcwaliswanga yamandla aphezulu ngaphezulu kwenqanaba leFermi, elibizwa ngokuba yi-in band transition. Kwi-semiconductors okanye izinto zokukhusela, kukho i-gap yamandla phakathi kwebhendi ye-valence kunye nebhendi yokuqhuba. Zii-electron kuphela ezinamandla afunliweyo amakhulu kunobubanzi besithuba samandla ezinokuwela isithuba kunye notshintsho ukusuka kwibhendi yevalence ukuya kwibhendi yokuqhuba, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-interband transition. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba luhlobo luni lwenguqu, luya kubangela ukungahambisani phakathi kokukhanya okubonakalisiweyo kunye nokukhanya okufunxayo, okubangela ukuba izinto ezibonakalayo zibonise umbala wayo ongaphakathi. Izinto eziphathekayo ezinobubanzi be-bandgap obukhulu kunomda we-ultraviolet obonakalayo, njengazo zingaphezu kwe-3.5eV, ziyabonakala kwiliso lomntu. Ububanzi be-bandgap bezinto ezinqamlekileyo ze-bandgap zingaphantsi komda we-infrared we-spectrum ebonakalayo, kwaye ukuba ingaphantsi kwe-1.7eV, ibonakala imnyama. Izinto eziphathekayo ezine-bandwidths kwindawo ephakathi zingabonisa imibala yeempawu. I-Doping inokubangela utshintsho lwe-interband kwizinto ezinezithuba ezibanzi zamandla. Izinto ze-Doping zidala inqanaba lamandla phakathi kwezithuba zamandla, zikwahlulahlula zibe ngamakhefu amabini amancinci. Ii-elektroni ezifunxa amandla asezantsi zisenokutshintshwa, nto leyo ekhokelela kumbala wokuqala wezinto ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo.
1.Umbala wokuphazamiseka
Izinto zefilim ecacileyo okanye ezifunxa kancinane zibonisa imibala yokuphazamiseka ngenxa yokukhanya okuninzi. Ukuphazamiseka lutshintsho kwi-amplitude eyenzeka emva kokuphakama kwamaza. Ebomini, ukuba kukho ifilimu yeoli kumphezulu we-puddle yamanzi, kunokubonwa ukuba ifilimu yeoli ibonisa i-Iridescence, umbala oveliswa ngokuphazamiseka kwefilimu eqhelekileyo. Ukubeka umaleko obhityileyo wefilimu ye-oxide ecacileyo kwi-substrate yesinyithi unokufumana imibala emininzi yenoveli ngokuphazamiseka. Ukuba i-wavelength enye yokukhanya iyenzeka ukusuka kwi-atmosfera ukuya kumphezulu womaleko ocacileyo, inxalenye yawo ibonakaliswa kumphezulu wefilimu ebhityileyo kwaye ibuyela ngqo kwi-atmosfera; Elinye icandelo lifumana irefraction ngefilimu engafihliyo kwaye ibonakalisa ifilim substrate interface. Emva koko qhubeka usasaza ifilimu ebonakalayo kunye ne-refract kwi-interface phakathi kwefilimu kunye nomoya ngaphambi kokuba ubuyele emoyeni. Ezi zimbini ziya kubangela umahluko wendlela ye-optical kunye nokuphazamiseka okuphezulu.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-30-2023