Ibara rya firime nziza

Filime ubwayo ihitamo kwerekana cyangwa ikurura urumuri rwibyabaye, kandi ibara ryayo nigisubizo cyibintu byiza bya firime. Ibara rya firime yoroheje ikorwa numucyo ugaragara, bityo rero hagomba gusuzumwa ibintu bibiri, aribyo ibara ryimbere ryatewe no kwinjiza ibintu biranga ibikoresho bya firime bitagaragara mu mucyo ugaragara, kandi ibara ryivanga ryakozwe no kwerekana ibintu byinshi byerekana ibintu bya firime yoroheje cyangwa yoroheje.

1.Ibara ryimbere

Kwinjiza ibintu biranga ibikoresho bya firime bitagaragara cyane kumurongo ugaragara biganisha ku kugaragara kwamabara yimbere, kandi inzira yingenzi ni uguhindura ingufu za fotone zinjizwa na electron. Kubikoresho bitwara ibintu, electron zikurura ingufu za fotone mugice cyuzuye cya valence igice kugirango zihinduke mumbaraga zidasanzwe zituzuye hejuru yurwego rwa Fermi, ibyo bita bande yinzibacyuho. Kubice bya semiconductor cyangwa ibikoresho byo kubika, hari icyuho cyingufu hagati ya valence bande na bande. Gusa electron zifite ingufu zinjijwe zirenze ubugari bwikinyuranyo cyingufu zishobora kurenga icyuho no kuva mumurongo wa valence ujya mumashanyarazi, bizwi nkinzibacyuho. Nubwo inzibacyuho yaba imeze ite, bizatera itandukaniro hagati yumucyo ugaragara numucyo winjiye, ibyo bigatuma ibikoresho byerekana ibara ryimbere. Ibikoresho bifite ubugari burenze ubunini bugaragara bwa ultraviolet, nkibirenze 3.5eV, biragaragara mumaso yumuntu. Ubugari bwumugozi wibikoresho bigufi ni munsi ya infragre yimipaka igaragara, kandi niba iri munsi ya 1.7eV, igaragara umukara. Ibikoresho bifite umurongo mugari wo hagati birashobora kwerekana amabara aranga. Doping irashobora gutera imiyoboro ihuza ibikoresho bifite ingufu nyinshi. Doping element itera urwego rwingufu hagati yicyuho cyingufu, ukigabanyamo kabiri intera ntoya. Electron ikurura ingufu zo hasi irashobora kandi guhinduka, bikavamo ibintu byumwimerere bibonerana byerekana ibara.

1.Ibara ryerekana

Ibikoresho bya firime bisobanutse cyangwa byoroheje byerekana amabara yo kubangamira bitewe nuburyo bwinshi bwerekana urumuri. Kwivanga ni ihinduka rya amplitude ibaho nyuma yo kurenga imiraba. Mubuzima, niba hari firime yamavuta hejuru yicyuzi cyamazi, birashobora kugaragara ko firime yamavuta yerekana Iridescence, ariryo bara ryakozwe no kwivanga kwa firime bisanzwe. Gushyira urwego ruto rwa firime ya okiside ibonerana kuri substrate yicyuma irashobora kubona amabara menshi mashya binyuze mukubangamira. Niba uburebure bumwe bwumucyo bwabaye kuva mukirere hejuru yubuso bubonerana, igice cyacyo kigaragarira hejuru ya firime yoroheje hanyuma igasubira mu kirere; Ikindi gice kigenda gisubirwamo binyuze muri firime ibonerana kandi ikagaragaza kuri firime ya substrate. Noneho komeza wohereze firime ibonerana hanyuma uhindure intera iri hagati ya firime nikirere mbere yo gusubira mu kirere. Byombi bizavamo inzira yinzira itandukanijwe hamwe no kwivanga hejuru.