Mu ukadaulo, zinthu zina zatsopano zakhala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakusintha dziko monga momwe tikulidziwira. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zimenezi chinali magnetron, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri mu uvuni wa microwave. Momwe magnetron imagwirira ntchito ndikofunika kufufuza chifukwa imavumbula njira zomwe zili kumbuyo kwa chipangizochi.
Ponena za ma magnetron, mfundo zazikulu zimayang'ana pa kuyanjana pakati pa magetsi ndi maginito. Kuyanjana kumeneku mkati mwa chubu cha vacuum kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mafunde amphamvu kwambiri amagetsi, makamaka mu mawonekedwe a ma microwave. Ma uvuni a microwave awa amalola microwave kugwira ntchito yake yophikira mosavuta.
Magnetron imapangidwa ndi zigawo zingapo zofunika, zomwe chilichonse chimagwira ntchito yapadera pa ntchito yonse. Pakati pake pali cathode, ulusi womwe umatulutsa ma elekitironi akatenthedwa. Kenako ma elekitironi amenewa amakokedwa ndi anode, silinda yachitsulo yomwe ili pakati pa magnetron. Pamene ma elekitironi akuyandikira anode, amakumana ndi mphamvu yakunja ya maginito yopangidwa ndi maginito ozungulira anode.
Ndi mphamvu ya maginito iyi yomwe imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa momwe magnetron imagwirira ntchito. Chifukwa cha mphamvu ya Lorentz, elekitironi yoyenda imakumana ndi mphamvu yolunjika ku kayendetsedwe kake komanso ku mizere ya mphamvu ya maginito. Mphamvu iyi imasuntha ma elekitironiwo m'njira yokhota, ndikuzungulira anode.
Apa ndi pomwe matsenga amachitikiradi. Mawonekedwe ozungulira a anode ali ndi dzenje kapena resonator yomwe imagwira ntchito ngati chipinda chopanda kanthu. Pamene ma elekitironi akuzungulira anode, amadutsa mu ma resonator awa. M'mabowo awa momwe ma elekitironi amatulutsira mphamvu mu mawonekedwe a mafunde a elekitiromagineti.
Kuphatikiza kwa mphamvu ya maginito ndi resonator kumalola ma elekitironi kutulutsa mphamvu motsatizana, ndikupanga ma microwave amphamvu kwambiri. Kenako ma microwave amenewa amatsogozedwa kudzera mu antenna yotulutsa kupita ku malo ophikira a uvuni wa microwave.
Momwe magnetron imagwirira ntchito yasintha momwe timaphikira ndi kutentha chakudya. Kupanga bwino ndi kutumiza ma microwave kumathandiza kuphika mwachangu, ngakhale kofanana, chinthu chomwe sichinaganiziridwepo kale. Masiku ano, ma microwave ndi zida zodziwika bwino zapakhomo chifukwa cha kapangidwe kabwino ka magnetron.
M'nkhani zaposachedwa, kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo wa magnetron kwayambitsa chisangalalo m'gulu la asayansi. Ofufuza akufufuza njira zowonjezera mphamvu ndi mphamvu zomwe ma magnetron amapereka. Izi zitha kuwonjezera mphamvu za ma uvuni a microwave komanso ntchito zina m'magawo ena monga radar ndi ma telecommunication.
Mwachidule, n'zodabwitsa momwe magnetron imagwirira ntchito, kusonyeza mphamvu zodabwitsa za kupeza zinthu zatsopano za sayansi. Pogwiritsa ntchito kuyanjana pakati pa magetsi ndi maginito, ma magnetron amatsegula njira yophikira mosavuta komanso moyenera. Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo, titha kuwona kuti padzakhala kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri ukadaulo wa magnetron posachedwa.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-18-2023