Nā waiwai a me nā noi o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni daimana mokuna 1

ʻO ke daimana i hana ʻia me ka hoʻopili kemika ikaika he mau waiwai mechanical a me elastic kūikawā. ʻO ka paʻakikī, ka nui a me ka conductivity thermal o ke daimana ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa i waena o nā mea i ʻike ʻia. Loaʻa i ke daimana ka modulus elasticity kiʻekiʻe loa o kekahi mea. ʻO ke coefficient of friction o kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni daimana he 0.05 wale nō. Eia kekahi, ʻo ke daimana ka conductivity thermal kiʻekiʻe loa, kahi e hoʻonui ai ma kahi o ʻelima inā hoʻomākaukau ʻia ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni daimana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā isotopes maʻemaʻe o ke kalapona. ʻO ke kumu nui no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā isotopes o ke kalapona e hoʻomākaukau ai i ke daimana, ʻo ia ka hoʻēmi ʻana i ka phonon scattering o ke daimana. Ma ke ʻano he mea paʻakikī loa, he mea uhi maikaʻi ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni daimana, hiki ke uhi ʻia ma luna o ka ʻili o nā mea ʻoki a me nā molde e hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ko lākou ikaika o ka ʻili a hoʻonui i ko lākou ola lawelawe. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka coefficient haʻahaʻa o ka friction a me ke conductivity thermal kiʻekiʻe o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni daimana no nā bearings wikiwiki no ka mokulele huaʻōlelo. ʻO ke conductivity thermal kiʻekiʻe, ka coefficient haʻahaʻa o ka friction a me ka transmittance māmā maikaʻi o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni daimana e hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea fairing o nā missiles.

(2) Nā Waiwai Wela a me nā Hoʻohana o ke Daimana
I kēia mau lā, ua kokoke loa ke ʻano o ka conductivity thermal o ka ʻili daimana synthetic i ko ke daimana maoli. Ma muli o kona conductivity thermal kiʻekiʻe a me ke kū'ē uila kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke daimana ma ke ʻano he papa insulating o ka substrate kaapuni hoʻohui ʻia, a me ka papa insulating conductive thermal o nā lasers solid-state. Eia kekahi, ʻo ke conductivity thermal kiʻekiʻe o ke daimana, ka liʻiliʻi o ka hiki ke wela, ʻoiai i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe ke koʻikoʻi ka hopena hoʻoheheʻe wela, he mea hoʻoheheʻe wela maikaʻi loa ia. Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana hoʻopaʻa ʻili daimana lahilahi conductivity thermal kiʻekiʻe, ua hoʻolilo ia i ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻili daimana lahilahi i nā lasers mana kiʻekiʻe, nā mea microwave a me nā kaapuni hoʻohui i mea maoli.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻokoʻa loa nā waiwai o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni daimana hana ma muli o nā kaʻina hana hoʻomākaukau like ʻole. No ka laʻana, nā waiwai halihali wela, kahi i hōʻike nui ʻia e nā ʻokoʻa nui o ka diffusivity thermal a me ka conductivity thermal. Eia kekahi, hōʻike ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni daimana hana i ka anisotropy ikaika, a ʻo ka conductivity thermal o ka mānoanoa o ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni like e like me ka ʻili kiʻiʻoniʻoni he ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka perpendicular i ka ʻili kiʻiʻoniʻoni. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia mau mea e nā ʻano hoʻomalu like ʻole i ke kaʻina hana hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia he pono e hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻia ke kaʻina hana hoʻomākaukau o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni lahilahi daimana e hoʻohana nui ʻia ai kāna hana maikaʻi loa.

–Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia kēia ʻatikala emea hana mīkini uhi hakahakaGuangdong Zhenhua